g plains; hills and low mountains on
the Slovakian border
lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
highest point: Kekes 1,014 m

Natural resources: bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils

Land use:
arable land: 51%
permanent crops: 6%
meadows and pastures: 13%
forest and woodland: 18%
other: 12%

Irrigated land: 1,750 sq km (1989)

Environment:
current issues: an early-1996 government study identified 179 areas
that suffer from air pollution, 54 areas with polluted soil, and 32
areas with polluted underground water; the study estimated clean-up
costs at $350 million, but the 1996 government budget allocates only
about $7 million for this purpose
international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air
Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air
Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not
ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental
Protocol, Law of the Sea

Geographic note: landlocked; strategic location astride main land
routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as
between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin

People
------

Population: 10,002,541 (July 1996 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 18% (male 907,963; female 867,536)
15-64 years: 68% (male 3,325,529; female 3,464,588)
65 years and over: 14% (male 538,106; female 898,819) (July 1996
est.)

Population growth rate: -0.68% (1996 est.)

Birth rate: 10.72 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Death rate: 15.06 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Net migration rate: -2.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female
all ages: 0.91 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 12.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 69.02 years
male: 64.23 years
female: 74.04 years (1996 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.51 children born/woman (1996 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian

Ethnic divisions: Hungarian 89.9%, Gypsy 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%,
Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7%

Religions: Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calv