ing

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Electricity:
capacity: 7,170,000 kW
production: 25.7 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 1,247 kWh (1993)

Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, other fruit,
cotton; cattle, sheep

Exports: $NA
commodities: crude oil and refined products, fertilizer, sulfur
partners: US, Brazil, Turkey, Japan, Netherlands, Spain (1990)

Imports: $NA
commodities: manufactures, food
partners: Germany, US, Turkey, France, UK (1990)

External debt: $50 billion (1989 est.), excluding debt of about
$35 billion owed to Gulf Arab states

Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $NA

Currency: 1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 1,000 fils

Exchange rates: Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1 - 3.2169 (fixed
official rate since 1982); black-market rate (December 1995) US$1 =
2,900 Iraqi dinars; semi-official rate US$1 = 1,000 Iraqi dinars

Fiscal year: calendar year

Transportation
--------------

Railways:
total: 2,032 km
standard gauge: 2,032 km 1.435-m gauge

Highways:
total: 45,554 km
paved: 38,402 km (including 976 km of expressways)
unpaved: 7,152 km (1989 est.)

Waterways: 1,015 km; Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by
maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3
meters and is in use; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable
sections for shallow-draft watercraft; Shatt al Basrah canal was
navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of
the Persian Gulf war

Pipelines: crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum products 725 km; natural
gas 1,360 km

Ports: Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al Basrah have limited
functionality

Merchant marine:
total: 36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 795,346 GRT/1,432,292
DWT
ships by type: cargo 14, oil tanker 16, passenger 1, passenger-cargo
1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3 (1995 est.)

Airports:
total: 102
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 21
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 34
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 8
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 6
with paved runways under 914 m: 16
with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 2
with unpaved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 3
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 3
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 9 (1995 est.)

Heliports: 5 (1995 est.)

Communications
--------------

Telephones: 632,000 (1987 est.)

Telephone system: reconstitution of damaged telecommunic