Electricity:
capacity: 17,380,000 kW
production: 65.7 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 3,700 kWh (1995 est.)

Agriculture: grain, mostly spring wheat, cotton; wool, meat

Illicit drugs: illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy;
mostly for CIS consumption; government eradication program; used as
transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North
America from Southwest Asia

Exports: $5.1 billion (1995)
commodities: oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain,
wool, meat, coal
partners: Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Imports: $3.9 billion (1995)
commodities: machinery and parts, industrial materials, oil and gas
partners: Russia and other former Soviet republics, China

External debt: $2.5 billion (of which $1.3 billion to Russia)

Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $10 million (1993)
note: commitments, 1992-95, $4,780 million ($1,795 million
disbursements)

Currency: national currency, the tenge, introduced on 15 November
1993

Exchange rates: tenges per US$1 - 64 (yearend 1995), 54 (yearend
1994)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Transportation
--------------

Railways:
total: 13,841 km in common carrier service; does not include
industrial lines
broad gauge: 13,841 km 1.520-m gauge (3,299 km electrified) (1992)

Highways:
total: 87,873 km public roads
paved: 82,568 km
unpaved: 5,305 km (1994)

Waterways: 4,002 km on the Syrdariya River and Ertis River

Pipelines: crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural
gas 3,480 km (1992)

Ports: Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen
(Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)

Airports:
total: 352
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 7
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 23
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 11
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 5
with paved runways under 914 m: 9
with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 9
with unpaved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 8
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 25
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 65
with unpaved runways under 914 m: 190 (1994 est.)

Communications
--------------

Telephones: 2.2 million

Telephone system: service is poor
domestic: landline and microwave radio relay
international: international traffic with other former Soviet
republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay
and with other countries by satellite and through 8 inter