, US 27%, Western Europe 17%, China 5%

Imports: $336.09 billion (c.i.f., 1995)
commodities: manufactures 52%, fossil fuels 20%, foodstuffs and raw
materials 28%
partners: Southeast Asia 25%, US 22%, Western Europe 16%, China 11%

External debt: $NA

Economic aid:
donor: ODA, $11.259 billion (1993)
note: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-95), $143 billion

Currency: yen (Y)

Exchange rates: yen (Y) per US$1 - 105.84 (January 1996), 94.06
(1995), 102.21 (1994), 111.20 (1993), 126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991)

Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March

Transportation
--------------

Railways:
total: 26,506 km
standard gauge: 3,233 km 1.435-m gauge (entirely electrified)
narrow gauge: 72 km 1.372-m gauge (72 km electrified); 23,154 km
1.067-m gauge (13,835 km electrified); 47 km 0.762-m gauge (47 km
electrified) (1994)

Highways:
total: 1,112,844 km
paved: 790,119 km (including 5,054 km of expressways)
unpaved: 322,725 km (1992 est.)

Waterways: about 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal inland
seas

Pipelines: crude oil 84 km; petroleum products 322 km; natural gas
1,800 km

Ports: Akita, Amagasaki, Chiba, Hachinohe, Hakodate,
Higashi-Harima, Himeji, Hiroshima, Kawasaki, Kinuura, Kobe, Kushiro,
Mizushima, Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Sakai, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo,
Tomakomai

Merchant marine:
total: 796 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,944,137
GRT/23,662,930 DWT
ships by type: bulk 192, cargo 57, chemical tanker 6, combination
bulk 2, combination ore/oil 6, container 38, liquefied gas tanker
39, oil tanker 259, passenger 9, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated
cargo 35, roll-on/roll-off cargo 43, short-sea passenger 28,
specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 77
note: Japan owns an additional 1,587 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
totaling 50,072,815 DWT operating under the registries of Panama,
Liberia, Vanuatu, The Bahamas, Singapore, Cyprus, Philippines, Hong
Kong, and Malta (1995 est.)

Airports:
total: 164
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 6
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 32
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 34
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 30
with paved runways under 914 m: 60
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 2 (1995 est.)

Heliports: 11 (1995 est.)

Communications
--------------

Telephones: 64 million (1987 est.)

Telephone system: excellent domestic and international service
domestic: NA
internation