hashish and methaqualone; produced 70 metric tons of illicit opium
in 1995

Exports: $29.96 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities: clothing, gems and jewelry, engineering goods,
chemicals, leather manufactures, cotton yarn, and fabric
partners: US, Japan, Germany, UK, Hong Kong

Imports: $33.5 billion (c.i.f., 1995)
commodities: crude oil and petroleum products, machinery, gems,
fertilizer, chemicals
partners: US, Germany, Saudi Arabia, UK, Belgium, Japan

External debt: $97.9 billion (March 1995)

Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $1.237 billion (1993); US ODA bilateral commitments
$171 million; US Ex-Im bilateral commitments $680 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA bilateral commitments $2.48 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid $200 million; World Bank (IBRD) multilateral
commitments $2.8 billion; Asian Development Bank (AsDB) multilateral
commitments $760 million; International Finance Corporation (IFC)
multilateral commitments $200 million; other multilateral
commitments $554 million (1995-96)

Currency: 1 Indian rupee (Re) = 100 paise

Exchange rates: Indian rupees (Rs) per US$1 - 35.766 (January
1996), 32.427 (1995), 31.374 (1994), 30.493 (1993), 25.918 (1992),
22.742 (1991)

Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March

Transportation
--------------

Railways:
total: 62,462 km (11,793 km electrified; 12,617 km double track)
broad gauge: 37,824 km 1.676-m gauge
narrow gauge: 20,653 km 1.000-m gauge; 3,985 km 0.762-m and 0.610-m
gauge (1995 est.)

Highways:
total: 2.037 million km
paved: 981,834 km
unpaved: 1,055,166 km (1995 est.)

Waterways: 16,180 km; 3,631 km navigable by large vessels

Pipelines: crude oil 3,005 km; petroleum products 2,687 km;
natural gas 1,700 km (1995)

Ports: Calcutta, Cochin, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Madras, Mumbai
(Bombay), Vishakhapatnam

Merchant marine:
total: 310 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,787,834
GRT/11,296,222 DWT
ships by type: bulk 133, cargo 65, chemical tanker 10, combination
bulk 2, combination ore/oil 3, container 11, liquefied gas tanker 6,
oil tanker 73, passenger-cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1,
short-sea passenger 1 (1995 est.)

Airports:
total: 288
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 11
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 48
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 59
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 68
with paved runways under 914 m: 62
with unpaved runways 2 438 to 3 0