since, upon the
subject of Chinese immigration. I had the high honor of being
hung in effigy in Nevada by reason of the report that I had
opposed, in secret Session of the Senate, the Treaty of 1880.
My honored colleague, Mr. Dawes, and I were entirely agreed
in the matter. Mr. Dawes complained good-naturedly to Senator
Jones, of Nevada, that he had been neglected when the Nevada
people had singled me out for that sole honor, to which Mr.
Jones, with equal good-nature, replied that if Mr. Dawes
desired, he would have measures taken to correct the error,
which had inadvertently been made.

In 1868 the late Anson Burlingame, an old friend of mine
and a man highly esteemed in Massachusetts, who had been
sent to China as the American Minister in Mr. Lincoln's time,
was appointed by the Chinese Government its Ambassador, or
Envoy, to negotiate treaties with the United States and several
European powers. He made a journey through this country and
Europe, travelling with Oriental magnificence, in a state
which he was well calculated to maintain and adorn. It was
just after we had put down the Rebellion, abolished slavery,
and made of every slave a freeman and every freeman a citizen.
The hearts of the people were full of the great doctrines
of liberty which Jefferson and the Fathers of our country
had learned from Milton and the statesmen of the English Commonwealth.

The Chinese Treaty was concluded on the 28th of July, 1868,
between Mr. Seward and Mr. Burlingame and his associate Plenipotentiaries
Chih-Kang and Sun Chia-Ku. It contained the following clause:

"The United States of American and the Emperor of China cordially
recognize the inherent and inalienable right of man to change
his home and allegiance, and also the mutual advantage of
free migration and emigration of their citizens and subjects
respectively from one country to the other for purposes of
curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents."

Article VII. of the same Treaty stipulated that citizens of
each power should enjoy all the privileges of the public
educational institutions under the control of the government of
the other, enjoyed by the citizens or the subjects of the most
favored nation, and that the citizens of each might, themselves,
establish schools in the others' country. Congress passed
an Act, July 27, 1868, to a like effect, to which the following
is the preamble to the first section:

"Whereas the right of expatriation is a n