rter
who testified strongly to that effect.

While it is true that many of our common sailors engaged
in our cod and other fisheries are of foreign birth, it is
equally true that they, almost all of them, come to live in
this country, get naturalized and become ardent Americans.
This is true of the natives of the British Dominions. But
it is still more true of the Scandinavians, a hardy and adventurous
race, faithful and brave, who become full of the spirit of
American nationality.

Mr. Bayard who was, I think, inspired by a patriotic and
praiseworthy desire to establish more friendly relations
with Great Britain, seemed to me to give away the whole American
case, and to have been bamboozled by Joseph Chamberlain at
every point. The Treaty gave our markets to Canada without
anything of value to us in return, and afforded no just indemnity
for the past outrages of which we justly complained, and gave
no security for the future.

The Treaty, which required a two-thirds majority for its
ratification, was defeated by a vote of twenty-seven yeas
to thirty nays. There were nine Senators paired in the affirmative,
and eight in the negative. The vote was a strict party vote,
with the exception of Messrs. Palmer and Turpie, Democrats,
who were against it.

I discussed the subject with great earnestness, going fully
into the history of the matter, and the merits of the Treaty.
I think I may say without undue vanity that my speech was
an important and interesting contribution to a very creditable
chapter of our history.

CHAPTER XIII
THE FEDERAL ELECTIONS BILL

In December, 1889, the Republican Party succeeded to the legislative
power in the country for the first time in sixteen years.
Since 1873 there had been a Democratic President for four
years, and a Democratic House or Senate or both for the rest
of the time. There was a general belief on the part of the
Republicans, that the House of Representatives, as constituted
for fourteen years of that time, and that the Presidency itself
when occupied by Mr. Cleveland, represented nothing but usurpation,
by which, in large districts of the country, the will of the
people had been defeated. There were some faint denials at
the time when these claims were made in either House of Congress
as to elections in the Southern States. But nobody seems
to deny now, that the charges were true. Mr. Senator Tillman
of South Carolina stated in my hearing in the Senate:

"We