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lities seem to have been imitations of the French ones. BIBLIOGRAPHY.--Apart from the works already mentioned see generally: Scheibner, "Ueber die Herrschaft der frz. Sprache in England" (Annaberg, Progr. der Koeniglichen Realschule, 1880, 38 f.); Groeber, _Grundr. der romanischen Philologie_, ii. iii. (Strassburg, 1902); G. Paris, _La Litt. fr. au moyen age_ (1905); _Esquisse historique de la litt. fr. au moyen age_ (1907); _La Litt. norm, avani l'annexion 912-1204_ (Paris, 1899); "L'Esprit normand en Angleterre," _La Poesie au moyen age_ (2nd series 45-74, Paris, 1906); Thomas Wright, _Biographia britannica literaria_ (Anglo-Norman period, London, 1846); Ten Brink, _Geschichte der englischen Litteratur_ (Berlin, 1877, i. 2); J.J. Jusserand, _Hist. litt. du peuple anglais_ (2nd ed. 1895, vol. i.); W.H. Schofield, _English Literature from the Norman Conquest to Chaucer_ (London, 1906); Johan Vising, _Franska Spraket i England_ (Goeteborg, 1900, 1901, 1902). (L. BR.) [v.02 p.0035] ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE. It is usual to speak of "the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"; it would be more correct to say that there are four Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. It is true that these all grow out of a common stock, that in some even of their later entries two or more of them use common materials; but the same may be said of several groups of medieval chronicles, which no one dreams of treating as single chronicles. Of this fourfold Chronicle there are seven MSS. in existence; _C.C.C. Cant._ 173 (A); _Cott. Tib._ A vi. (B); _Cott. Tib._ B i. (C); _Cott. Tib._ B iv. (D); _Bodl. Laud. Misc._ 636 (E); _Cott. Domitian_ A viii. (F); _Cott. Otho_ B xi. (G). Of these G is now a mere fragment, and it is known to have been a transcript of A. F is bilingual, the entries being given both in Saxon and Latin. It is interesting as a stage in the transition from the vernacular to the Latin chronicle; but it has little independent value, being a mere epitome, made at Canterbury in the 11th or 12th century, of a chronicle akin to E. B, as far as it goes (to 977), is identical with C, both having been copied from a common original, but A, C, D, E have every right to be treated as independent chronicles. The relations between the four vary very greatly in different parts, and the neglect of this consideration has led to much error and confusion. The common stock, out of which all grow, extends to 892. The present writer sees no reason to doubt that the idea o
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