to the states general. In the Constituent Assembly he
belonged to the section of moderate royalists who sought to set up a
constitution on the English model, and his speeches in favour of
retaining the right of war and peace in the king's hands and on the
organization of the judiciary gained the applause even of his opponents.
Apart from his eloquence, which gave him a place among the finest
orators of the Assembly, Cazales is mainly remembered for a duel fought
with Barnave. After the insurrection of the 10th of August 1792, which
led to the downfall of royalty, Cazales emigrated. He fought in the army
of the _emigres_ against revolutionary France, lived in Switzerland and
in England, and did not return to France until 1803. He died on the 24th
of November 1805. His son, Edmond de Cazales, wrote philosophical and
religious studies.

See _Discours de Cazales_, edited by Chare (Paris, 1821), with an
introduction; F.A. Aulard, _Les Orateurs de la Constituante_ (2nd ed.,
Paris, 1905.)

CAZALIS, HENRI (1840-1909), French poet and man of letters, was born at
Cormeilles-en-Parisis (Seine-et-Oise) in 1840. He wrote under the
pseudonyms of Jean Caselli and Jean Lahor. His works include: _Chants
populaires de l'Italie_ (1865); _Vita tristis_, _Reveries fantastiques_,
_Romances sans musique_ (1865); _Le Livre du neant_ (1872); _Henry
Regnault, sa vie et son oeuvre_ (1872); _L'Illusion_ (1875-1893);
_Melancholia_ (1878); _Cantique des cantiques_ (1885); _Les Quatrains
d'Al-Gazali_ (1896); _William Morris_ (1897). The author of the _Livre
du neant_ has a predilection for gloomy subjects and especially for
pictures of death. His oriental habits of thought earned for him the
title of the "Hindou du Parnasse contemporain." He died in July 1909.

See a notice by P. Bourget in _Anthologie des poetes fr. du XIX^e
siecle_ (1887-1888); J. Lemaitre, _Les Contemporains_ (1889); E.
Faguet in the _Revue bleue_ (October 1893).

CAZEMBE, the hereditary name of an African chief, whose territory was
situated south of Lake Mweru and north of Bangweulu, between 9 deg. and
11 deg.S. In the end of the 18th century the authority of the Cazembe
was recognized over a very extensive district. The kingdom, known also
as the Cazembe, continued to exist, though with gradually diminishing
power and extent, until the last quarter of the 19th century, when the
Cazembe sank to the rank of a petty chief. The country is now divided
betw