in the two nations, in the United States
slavery was largely confined to the semi-tropical country south of the
Pennsylvania-Maryland line and the Ohio River. A slight form of
domestic slavery had existed in New England, and to a greater degree
in the Middle Atlantic Colonies, but was virtually unknown in the
mines and cattle ranges of the West. In Brazil slavery existed
practically everywhere the Europeans settled. There was no
geographical section, whose sentiment and economic interests were
antagonistic to slave holding. However, it was true that about the
plantations of Pernambuco and Bahia slavery existed on a far more
extensive scale than in the southern province of Rio Grande De Sul,
where slavery was practised at a minimum.

In both the United States and Brazil there were diversified products
of slave labor. In Brazil sugar was the great slave labor staple; in
America, cotton. Besides cotton, the American slave was the cultivator
of tobacco, rice, sugar, hemp, and molasses. In Brazil the other
products were tobacco, cotton, and cattle, in addition to some cacao
and rubber.

In the United States there were two types of slavery, one the storied
domestic slavery of the towns, and the southern country seat, where
the Negro was usually benevolently treated and loved as though one of
the family. This type of slavery was most common along the Mason-Dixon
line. The other type was determined by the large scale enterprises in
the cotton and rice fields in the "southern" South, where absentee
ownership was often the rule. Here frequently masters knew little
about their slaves, and the driving of the mobs of laborers gave
Harriet Beecher Stowe, no doubt, her concept of a Simon Legree.[14] In
Brazil slaves did every type of work. First of all, they furnished the
labor for the great sugar plantations of Pernambuco and also the
cotton districts of the north. In the provinces of the south of
Brazil, contrary to conditions in the United States, they were
employed on cattle ranches. In Minas Geraes they were utilized in the
mines. In the cities they carried on all the manual and menial work.

Henderson tells us of his observations of the African in urban
occupations during the first decade of the last century in Rio. He
relates that owners would send out slaves to do work for other
employers, and to turn over their wages to their idle masters. He
relates that masters sent slaves in pairs and threes, bearing baskets
on their h