e western
colony, controlled the whole of the island; but in 1844 the eastern
part seceded and established an independent government known today as
the Dominican Republic.

GEORGE W. BROWN

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Mossell, _Toussaint L'Ouverture_, p. xiii.

[2] Hardy, _Negro Question in French Revolution_, p. 1.

[3] Moreau de St. Mery, _Response, etc._, 72.

[4] Hardy, _The Negro Question in the French Revolution_, p. 10.

[5] Condorcet's _Works_.

[6] Bourne, _Revolutionary Period in Europe_, p. 110.

[7] _American Encyclopedia--Haiti._

[8] Mossell, _Toussaint L'Ouverture_.

CANADIAN NEGROES AND THE REBELLION OF 1837

There are a number of interesting references in the literature of the
times to the part played by Negro refugees in defending the frontier
of Canada during the troubles of 1838. The outbreaks in both Upper and
Lower Canada in 1837 were followed by a series of petty attacks along
the border in which American sympathizers participated. Sandwich, on
the Detroit River, was one of the objectives of the attacking parties
and there were also threats on the Niagara River frontier. One of the
parties of "rebels" had taken possession of Navy Island, in the
Niagara River, and a small ship, the _Caroline_, was used for
conveying supplies. A Canadian party under command of Colonel MacNab
crossed the river, seized the ship and after setting it afire allowed
it to drift over the falls. This gave rise to an international issue
and was the occasion of much bluster on both sides of the line that
happily ended as bluster. All along the border on the American side
there were "Hunter's Lodges"[1] organized during 1838 and this
movement, joined with the widespread political disaffection, made the
times unhappy for the Canadian provinces.

Sir Francis Bond Head, who was Governor of Upper Canada when the
troubles of 1837 began and whose conduct did not tend materially to
quelling the unrest, wrote his "apologia" a couple of years later and
in it he speaks of the loyalty of the colored people, almost all of
whom were refugees from slavery. He says:

"When our colored population were informed that American
citizens, sympathizing with their sufferings, had taken violent
possession of Navy Island, for the double object of liberating
them from the domination of British rule, and of imparting to
them the blessings of republican institutions, based u