razil the domestic slave was usually a Creole.[19] But our
interest centers largely on the manner by which the _agricultural_
slave lived, for after all, in him lies the crux to the whole problem.
In both Brazil and America slaves were quartered on the great
plantations in rude huts. Their diet was simple. Corn meal, bacon, and
sweet potatoes were chief items in the diet of the American slave. In
Brazil the slave was fed farina (the flour of the mandioca root), salt
fish or salt meat, sometimes bacon, and in the mining districts corn
flour. In both countries the slave was rudely clad. In Brazil his
outfit consisted of a shirt and pants of cotton and a straw hat.[20]

In the United States slaves on the large plantations began work at
sunrise, and toiled to the crack of the whip on the great plantations
until sundown. Women and children, only half grown, were compelled to
do their share in the fields. In Brazil conditions generally were
easier for the slave. The Portuguese planter was perhaps less anxious
to "drive" the work out of his bondsmen than the more enterprising
Anglo-Saxon. Accordingly, we are told that at three in the afternoon,
at least at Pernambuco, the heart of the sugar belt, work ceased, and
the slave had the remainder of the day to himself, time which many
slaves employed in cultivating a private plot of their own, hoping
some day to earn enough thereby to purchase their freedom. They, like
their northern brothers, were supervised in the field by a "feitor" or
taskmaster, usually white, though frequently a Creole, mulatto,
freedman, or even in cases, another slave.[22]

Slaves in America welcomed Sundays and the days around Christmas as
periods of rest and recreation.[23] In Brazil not only did the slaves
have Sundays and Christmas, but something like over thirty holidays on
the Catholic calendar. Incidentally, showing there was still a breath
of humanity in a stifling age of oppression, it is declared in the
"Correio Braziliense" for December, 1815, on page 738, that although
the Portuguese had ceased to stop work on many of these holidays, the
thirty-five holidays were still enforced as days of cessation of
labor in Brazil in order that the slaves might still enjoy the days of
rest.[24]

The Negro slave in Africa, according to DuBois, lived generally a
polygamous family life. When he came to the Southern Colonies his
whole family life was made irregular and unhappy, due to the evil
conditions of sla