th, 180, 242, 243;
doctrine of, and Dred Scott case, 248, 263.

California, Tyler for, 125, 131, 132, 152, 154;
occupied by United States, 154;
gold discovered, 174;
Taylor for admitting, 176, 199, 232;
for Pacific Railroad, 233;
for Buchanan, 246.

Cameron, Simon, 257, 262, 263.

Campbell, Judge, of Alabama, Confederate Commissioner, 324.

Campbellites, Calvinistic, 218, 222.

Canada, revolt and American aid, 105, 120, 122, 153.

Canals, constructed in West, 90;
speculation, 91, 92.

Carey and Lea, Philadelphia, publishing activities, 53.

Caroline, the, affair of, with England, 105, 120, 123.

Cartwright, Peter, salary, 31.

Cass, Lewis, 15, 25;
Secretary of War, 65;
Oregon and Texas, 132;
expansionist, 150, 157, 158;
for President, 172;
Nicholson letter, 172;
defeat, 173;
and crisis of 1850, 176.

Catholics, 216;
and slavery, 221.

Cerro Gordo, battle of, 155.

Chancellorsville, battle of, 305.

Chandler, Zachary, 241;
uncompromising, 273.

Channing, William Ellery, 52.

Charleston, S.C., 53, 54;
and abolition mail, 165;
spring resort, 214;
blockade-running from, 313.

Chase, Salmon P., for Wilmot Proviso, 171, 184, 202;
against Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 240, 241, 242;
and Kansas, 245;
and Ohio, 251, 257, 262, 265;
uncompromising, 273;
Secretary of Treasury, 291;
difficulties, 292;
for immediate emancipation, 301, 315;
working against Lincoln, 316;
supports Lincoln, 322.

Cherokees. _See_ Indians.

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 46.

Chestnut, Mrs. James, 215, 281.

Chicago, 187, 192, 193, 202;
and Douglas, 204;
growth, 204;
Pacific Railroad idea, 204, 210.

Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, 192.

Chickasaws. _See_ Indians.

Children, in factories, 210.

China, Tyler and, 126.

Choate, Rufus, became Democrat, 246.

Choctaws. _See_ Indians.

Christian Church. _See_ Campbellites.

Churches, support, 50;
strictness moderated, 50, 143;
and slavery, 143, 146, 163;
members and capacity, in 1860, 220;
of South, for slavery and war, 278.

Churubusco, battle of, 156.

Cincinnati, pork-packing and manufacturing, 35, 202, 210.

Cities, wretched industrial life, 210.

Civil service, Van Buren and spoils system, 96.

Clay, Henry, coalition with Adams, 2;
Secretary of State, 3, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21;
barely reelected to the Senate in 1831, 22;
fast life, 22;
duelist, 32, 33;
Mechanic's