in control after war, 328.

Eaton, John H., Secretary of War, 58;
wife and Washington Society, 59, 64.

Education, in United States, 1850-60, 213.

Eleventh Amendment, and repudiation of state debts, 106.

Emancipation Proclamation, promised, 302;
opinion on, divided, 304;
East for, West against, 304.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 52, 226;
on John Brown, 259.

England, Oregon, 25, 27, 122, 152;
United States and West Indian trade, 84;
mediates between France and United States, 87;
capital for United States, 99, 100;
call for payment, 101;
Mexico and Lower California, 122;
strained relations with United States, 122;
the Webster-Ashburton treaty, 123;
slave trade and right of search, 123;
Northwestern boundary, 124;
Oregon, 124, 132, 147, 149;
free-trade movement, 151;
Oregon trade, 153;
compensated owners for emancipation of slaves, 164;
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 173, 205;
possibility of intervention by, in Civil War, 314.

English, in United States, 185;
attitude toward Confederacy, 314.

Episcopalians, and slavery, 145, 216, 240.

Erie Canal, exports of grain, 29, 32, 35, 46, 90, 97;
and European capital, 99.

Erie Railroad, 192.

Everett, Edward, 50;
Minister to England, 126;
Massachusetts spokesman, 184;
becomes Democrat, 246;
for Vice-President, 261.

Exports, cotton and other, 12;
cotton from Confederacy, 313.

Factory system, introduced, 43;
long hours and poor pay, 219.

Fair Oaks, battle of, 296.

Farm laborers, 210.

Farm life, 211;
methods, 211.

Federalists, in South Carolina, 5;
of New York and Pennsylvania, 14;
shipping interests, 41.

Fillmore, Millard, President, 180;
Know-Nothing candidate, 243;
popular vote, 243.

Florida, 120;
secession of, 271, 313.

Floyd, John, 70.

Floyd, John B., dismissed from army, 312.

Food, of Americans in 1860, 208.

Foot, Samuel A., 30;
resolution on public lands, 60.

Foote, Commodore, on Mississippi River, 293.

Foote, Henry S., for "all of Mexico," 158;
Compromise of 1850, 178.

Forbes, John M., railroad builder, 192.

Force Bill, 73, 77.

Forsyth, John, Jackson leader in the Senate, 82.

France, claims against, 85;
threatens war, 86;
and tariff, 151, 201;
and South, 315;
and Mexico, 315.

Fredericksburg, battle of, 303;
and English intervention, 314.

Free negroes, in South, 138.

Freeport doctrine, 256.

Free-Soil party, 173;