| 7 9 | 6 6 | 7 0 | 6 9 |
+-----------------+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|Smoke hole |Width at apex | 1 10 | Very | 1 2 | 1 10 |
| |Width at base | 3 0 | irre- | 2 4 | 2 10 |
| |Length | 3 10 | gular | 3 0 | 3 0 |
+-----------------+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|Space between |At apex | 1 10 | 2 0 | 1 2 | 1 10 |
| doorway timbers |At base | 3 8 | 3 0 | 3 0 | 3 5 |
+-----------------+---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

In the large hogans mentioned a crowd of workers are engaged in the
construction and ropes and other mechanical aids are employed to lift
the heavy timbers of the frame in position.

At this stage in the construction the house shows only the three
principal timbers of the frame, securely locked at the apex by the
interlacing forks (as shown in figure 231) and firmly planted in the
ground. The two doorway timbers are next placed in position, with their
smaller ends resting on the forked apex of the frame, from 1-1/2 to 2
feet apart, and with the butt ends resting on the ground about 3-1/2
feet apart. The whole frame, comprising five timbers, is known as
_tsaci_, but each timber has its own specific name, as follows:

South timber, _cacaace naai_.
West timber, _i[ng]i[ng]ace naai_.
North timber, _naqokosce naai_.
Doorway timbers (two), _tci[ng][)e]cince naai_.

The appearance of the frame as seen from below is shown in figure 231.

[Illustration: Fig. 231--Frame of a hogan, seen from below]

These names afford a good illustration of the involved nomenclature
which characterizes Indian languages. _Naai_ means a long, straight
object, like a piece of timber. The first word in each of the terms
above is the name of the cardinal point, the place it occupies (south,
west, and north), with the suffix _ce_, meaning "here" or "brought
here." The same words are used with the suffix _dje_, instead of _ce_,
as _cacaadje_ _naai_ for the north timber, _dje_ meaning "there" or
"set there." The west timber is also specially designated as _bigidje
nabkad_, "brought together into it," an allusion to its functions as
the main support of the frame, as the two other timbers rest within its
spreading fork. The two doorway timbers are also designated as north
timber and south timber, according to the position each occupies, and
they a