vows could
not be taken up to twenty-one years of age,... this measure keeps
novices away; the monastic orders, sapped by the state of morals and by
time, could obtain no recruits; they languished in a state of inertia
and of disfavor which was worse than annihilation.... The era for
monastic institutions had passed."]

[Footnote 5158: Pelet de la Lozere, p.146. (Words of Napoleon, March 11,
1806.)]

[Footnote 5159: Pelet de la Lozere, p.207 (May 22, 1804).]

[Footnote 5160: Decree of Messidor 3, year XII (June 22, 1804).--Letter
of Napoleon to the King of Naples, April 14, 1807, on the suppression
of convents at Naples: "You know that I don't like monks, as I have
uprooted them everywhere." To his sister Elisa, May 17, 1806: "Keep on
and suppress the convents."]

[Footnote 5161: "Etat des congregations, communantes et associations
religieuses," drawn up in execution of article 12 of the law of Dec. 12,
1876 (Imprimerie nationale, 1878): 1st. congregations of women with a
general superior, nurses and teachers, authorized from Prairial 28, year
XI, to January 13, 1813, total, 42; 2nd. communities of women without a
general superior, nurses and teachers, authorized from April 9, 1806, to
Sept. 28, 1813, total, 205.]

[Footnote 5162: Ibid., Brethren of the Christian Schools, namely, of
Saint Yon, authorized March 17, 1808.]

[Footnote 5163: Ibid., congregation of the Mission of Saint-Lazare,
authorized Prairial 17, year XI.--Congregation of the Seminary of
Foreign Missions, authorized Germinal 2, year XIII.]

[Footnote 5164: Pelet de la Lozere, p.208 (May 22, 1804).]

[Footnote 5165: Pelet de la Lozere, P.209]

[Footnote 5166: Decree of March 17, 1808, article 109.]

[Footnote 5167: Alexis Chevalier, "Les Freres des ecoles chretiennes
apres la Revolution," p. 93. (Report by Portalis approved by the First
consul, Frimaire to, year XII.) "Henceforth," says Portalis, "the
superior-general at Rome abandons all inspection of the Christian
Brothers. In France, it is understood that the Brothers will have a
superior general resident at Lyons."]

[Footnote 5168: D'Haussonville, V., p. 148.]

[Footnote 5169: Fortress in the Italian Alps. (SR.)]

[Footnote 5170: D'Haussonville, V., p. 148. Letter of Napoleon to
the Minister of Worship, March 3, 1811 (omitted in the published
correspondence).]

[Footnote 5171: Ibid., IV.,p.133. (Letter by Napoleon, Sep. 2, 1809,
omitted in the "Correspondence.")]

[Footnote 5172: