on the definition of the Immaculate Conception... this decision
would furnish a practical demonstration... of the infallibility with
which Jesus Christ had invested his vicar on earth." (Emile Ollivier,
"L'Eglise et l'Etat au concile du Vatican, I., 313.)]

[Footnote 5211: Bercastel et Henrion, XIII., 105. (Circular of Pius
VII., February 25, 1808.) "It is said that all cults should be free and
publicly exercised; but we have thrown this article out as opposed to
the canons and to the councils, to the catholic religion."--Ibid., (Pius
VII. to the Italian bishops on the French system, May 22, 1808.) "This
system of indifferentism, which supposes no religion, is that which
is most injurious and most opposed to the Catholic apostolic and Roman
religion, which, because it is divine, is necessarily sole and unique
and, on that very account, cannot ally itself with any other."--Cf. the
"Syllabus" and the encyclical letter "Quanta Cura"of December 8, 1864.]

[Footnote 5212: Sauzay, "Histoire de la persecution revolutionnaire dans
le departement du Doubs," X., 720-773. (List in detail of the entire
staff of the diocese of Besancon, in 1801 and in 1822, under Archbishop
Lecoz, a former assermente.--During the Empire, and especially after
1806, this mixed clergy keeps refining itself. A large number, moreover,
of assermentes do not return to the Church. They are not disposed to
retract, and many of them enter into the new university. For example
("Vie du Cardinal Bonnechose," by M. Besson, I., 24), the principal
teachers in the Roman college in 1815-1816 were a former Capuchin, a
former Oratorian and three assermentes priests. One of these, M. Nicolas
Bignon, docteur es lettres, professor of grammar in the year IV at the
Ecole Centrale, then professor of rhetoric at the Lycee and member of
the Roman Academy, "lived as a philosopher, not as a Christian and still
less as a priest." Naturally, he is dismissed in 1816. After that date,
the purging goes on increasing against all ecclesiastics suspected of
having compromised with the Revolution, either liberals or Jansenists.
Cf. the "Memoires de l'abbe Babou, eveque nomme de Seez," on the
difficulties encountered by a too Gallican bishop and on the bitterness
towards him of the local aristocracy of his diocese.]

[Footnote 5213: Cf. the "Memoires de l'abbe Babou, eveque nomme de
Seez," on the difficulties encountered by a too Gallican bishop and on
the bitterness towards him of the