nverts is no
longer permitted, the faithful are enjoined to keep their doctrine
secret from the profane; and in order that their allegiance may not
bring them into danger, they are allowed (like Persian mystics) to make
outward profession of whatever religion is dominant around them. To this
latter indulgence is to be attributed the apparent indifferentism which
leads to their joining Moslems in prayers and ablutions, or sprinkling
themselves with holy water in Maronite churches. Obedience is required
to the seven commandments of Hamza, the first and greatest of which
enjoins truth in words (but only those of Druse speaking with Druse);
the second, watchfulness over the safety of the brethren; the third,
absolute renunciation of every other religion; the fourth, complete
separation from all who are in error; the fifth, recognition of the
unity of "Our Lord" in all ages; the sixth, complete resignation to his
will; and the seventh, complete obedience to his orders. Prayer,
however, is regarded as an impertinent interference with the Creator;
while, at the same time, instead of the fatalistic predestination of
Mahommedanism, the freedom of the human will is distinctly maintained.
Not only is the charge of secrecy rigidly obeyed in regard to the alien
world, but full initiation into the deeper mysteries of the creed is
permitted only to a special class designated _Akils_, (Arabic _'Akl_,
intelligence), in contradistinction from whom all other members of the
Druse community, whatever may be their position or attainments, are
called _Jahel_, the Ignorant. About 15% of the adult population belong
to the order of Akils. Admission is granted to any Druse of either sex
who expresses willingness to conform to the laws of the society, and
during a year of probation gives sufficient proof of sincerity and
stability of purpose. There appears to be no formal distinction of rank
among the various members; and though the amir, Beshir Shehab, used to
appoint a sheikh of the Akils, the person thus distinguished obtained no
primacy over his fellows. Exceptional influence depends upon exceptional
sanctity or ability. All are required to abstain from tobacco and wine;
the women used not to be allowed to wear gold or silver, or silk or
brocade, but this rule is commonly broken now; and although neither
celibacy nor retirement from the affairs of the world is either
imperative or customary, unusual respect is shown to those who
voluntarily sub