of
melancholy thoughtfulness--a tendency deepened by the death of his first
love, Mary Cunningham. Drummond was called "the Scottish Petrarch"; and
his sonnets, which are the expression of a genuine passion, stand far
above most of the contemporary Petrarcan imitations. A remarkable
burlesque poem _Polemo-Middinia inter Vitarvam et Nebernam_ (printed
anonymously in 1684) has been persistently, and with good reason,
ascribed to him. It is a mock-heroic tale, in dog-Latin, of a country
feud on the Fifeshire lands of his old friends the Cunninghams.

Drummond's _Poems_, with _Cypresse Grove_, the _History_, and a few of
the minor tracts, were collected in 1656 and edited by Edward
Phillips, Milton's nephew. _The Works of William Drummond, of
Hawthornden_ (1711), edited by Bishop Sage and Thomas Ruddiman,
contains a life by the former, and some of the poet's letters. A
handsome edition of the _Poems_ was printed by the Maitland Club in
1832. Later editions are by Peter Cunningham (1833), by William R.
Turnbull in "The Library of Old Authors" (1856), and by W. C. Ward
(1894) for "The Muses' Library." The standard biography of Drummond is
by David Masson (1873). Extracts from the Hawthornden MSS. preserved
in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland were printed
by David Laing in _Archaeologia Scotica_, vol. iv.

DRUNKENNESS, a term signifying generally a state resulting from
excessive drinking, and usually associated with alcoholic intoxication,
or alcohol poisoning. It may represent either an _act_ or a _habit_, the
latter consisting in frequent repetitions of the former. As an act it
may be an accident, most usually arising from the incautious use of one
or other of the commonly employed intoxicating agents; as a habit (as in
the form of chronic alcoholism) it is one of the most degrading forms of
vice which can result from the enfeeblement of the moral principle by
persistent self-indulgence.

What appears to be "intoxication" may arise from many different causes
(e.g. epilepsy, fractured skull, intracranial haemorrhage, and the
toxaemic coma of diabetes and uraemia), and the close resemblance
between the pathological and the toxic phenomena has been the cause of
many untoward accidents. Cold alone may produce such peculiar effects
that Captain Parry said in his _Journal_, "I cannot help thinking that
many a man may have been punished for intoxication who was only
suffering fr