ing
house (1760), museum (1857) and the medical school buildings, in three
blocks, one of the best schools in the kingdom. Other buildings of the
20th century include chemical laboratories. The College Park and
Fellows' Garden are of considerable beauty. In the former most of the
recreations of the students take place; but the college also supports a
well-known rowing-club. The college observatory is at Dunsink, about 5
m. north-west of Dublin; it is amply furnished with astronomical
instruments. It was endowed by Dr Francis Andrews, provost of Trinity
College, was erected in 1785, and in 1791 was placed by statute under
the management of the royal astronomer of Ireland, whose official
residence is here. The magnetic observatory of Dublin was erected in the
years 1837-1838 in the gardens attached to Trinity College, at the
expense of the university. A normal climatological station was
established in the Fellows' Garden in 1904. The botanic garden is at
Ball's Bridge, 1 m. S.E. of the college.

The alternative title of Dublin University or Trinity College, Dublin
(commonly abbreviated T.C.D.), is explained by the fact that the
university consists of only one college, that of "the Holy and
Undivided Trinity." This was founded under charter from Queen
Elizabeth in 1591, and is the greatest foundation of its kind in the
country. The corporation consists of a provost, 7 senior fellows, 25
junior fellows and 70 scholars. A vacancy among the fellows is filled
up by the provost and a select number of the fellows, after
examination comprised in five principal courses, mathematics,
experimental science, classics, mental and moral science and Hebrew.
Fellowships are held for life. Until the year 1840 the fellows were
bound to celibacy, but that restriction was then removed. All except
five (medical and law fellows) were bound to take Holy Orders until
1872. The scholars on the foundation (or "of the House") are chosen
from among the undergraduates, for merit in classics, mathematics or
experimental science. The pecuniary advantages attaching to
scholarship (L20 Irish, free commons, and rooms at half the charge
made to other students) last for four years. Students after an
examination are admitted as fellow-commoners, pensioners or sizars.
Fellow-commoners, who have decreased in numbers in modern times, pay
higher fees than the ordinary undergraduates or pensioners, and have
certain adva