aves dotted beneath with resinous glands
=Black Currant, Ribes hudsonianum.=

11b. Leaves glabrous or pubescent beneath, without resinous glands
=Red Currant, Ribes triste.=

12a. Flowers minute, yellowish, without petals, in the axils of the
leaves (1-2 dm. high; flowers in spring)
=Golden Saxifrage, Chrysosplenium americanum.=

12b. Flowers large, solitary, terminating erect stalks (leaves
mostly basal; flowers white, in late summer; flower-stalks
1-5 dm. high) (Grass-of-Parnassus) --13.

12c. Flowers in terminal racemes, panicles, or clusters --15.

13a. Flowers less than 2 cm. wide; leaves narrowed to the base
=Grass-of-Parnassus, Parnassia parviflora.=

13b. Flowers 2-3.5 cm. wide; leaves rounded or cordate at the base --14.

14a. A 3-cleft scale at the base of each petal
=Grass-of-Parnassus, Parnassia caroliniana.=

14b. A many-cleft (9-15) scale at the base of each petal
=Grass-of-Parnassus, Parnassia palustris.=

15a. Leaves linear to oblanceolate, 3 times as long as broad, or more,
and pinnately veined (Saxifrage) --16.

15b. Leaves broadly ovate to nearly circular, frequently cordate at the
base, and always palmately veined or lobed --20.

16a. Leaves basal; the flower-stalk bearing no leaves except small
ones at the base of its branches --17.

16b. Flower-stalk leafy below (1-3 dm. high; flowers yellow,
summer) --18.

17a. Petals white; sepals erect; leaves conspicuously toothed, 3-10 cm.
long (1-3 dm. high; spring) =Saxifrage, Saxifraga virginiensis.=

17b. Petals greenish; sepals reflexed; leaves minutely toothed or
entire, 10-30 cm. long (5-10 dm. high; spring)
=Saxifrage, Saxifraga pennsylvanica.=

18a. Leaves with 3 sharp teeth at the apex
=Saxifrage, Saxifraga tricuspidata.=

18b. Leaves with numerous teeth or entire --19.

19a. Leaves linear, chiefly on the stem
=Saxifrage, Saxifraga aizoides.=

19b. Leaves spatulate, chiefly in a basal rosette
=Saxifrage, Saxifraga aizoon.=

20a. Stamens 5 (leaves mostly basal; flowers g