=Red-root, Ceanothus ovatus.=

VITACEAE, the Grape Family

Shrubs, climbing by tendrils or hold-fast roots, with palmately lobed or
palmately compound leaves and small greenish flowers in panicles or
flattened clusters; petals and sepals each 4 or 5; fruit a berry.

1a. Leaves compound (summer) (Virginia Creeper) --2.

1b. Leaves simple (late spring) (Grape) --4.

2a. Branches of the tendrils chiefly ending in adhesive disks --3.

2b. Branches of the tendrils twining, or rarely with a few disks
=Virginia Creeper, Psedera vitacea.=

3a. Stem and foliage glabrous
=Virginia Creeper, Psedera quinquefolia.=

3b. Stem and foliage pubescent, at least when young
=Virginia Creeper, Psedera quinquefolia var. hirsuta.=

4a. Leaves conspicuously pubescent beneath --5.

4b. Leaves glabrous beneath when mature, or pubescent on the veins
only --6.

5a. A tendril or flower-cluster opposite each leaf
=Fox Grape, Vitis labrusca.=

5b. No tendril opposite each third leaf
=Summer Grape, Vitis aestivalis.=

6a. Pith continuous through the joints of the stem
=Fox Grape, Vitis rotundifolia.=

6b. Pith interrupted by the solid joints --7.

7a. Leaf-lobes with rounded angles between them
=Summer Grape, Vitis bicolor.=

7b. Leaf-lobes with sharp angles between them --8.

8a. Leaves coarsely toothed, unlobed or slightly 3-lobed
=Frost Grape, Vitis cordifolia.=

8b. Leaves sharply toothed, prominently lobed
=Frost Grape, Vitis vulpina.=

TILIACEAE, the Linden Family

Trees, with alternate, simple, palmately veined leaves, and clusters of
fragrant white flowers in late spring arising from the middle of a
leaf-like bract; sepals and petals each 5; stamens numerous, but united
into 5 sets.

One species in Michigan =Basswood, Tilia americana.=

MALVACEAE, the Mallow Family

Herbs with alternate leaves; sepals and petals each 5; stamens numerous,
united by their filaments to form a tube surrounding the styles; ovary
many-celled.

1a. Flowers yellow (summer and autumn)