waters of this river in western
Pennsylvania and West Virginia, Ohio has become distinctly a part of the
eastern social organism, much like the State of Pennsylvania. The
complexity of her origin still persists. Ohio has no preponderant social
center; her multiplicity of colleges and universities bears tribute to
the diversity of the elements that have made the State. One-third of
her people are of foreign parentage (one or both parents foreign-born),
and the city of Cincinnati has been deeply affected by the German stock,
while Cleveland strongly reflects the influence of the New England
element. That influence is still very palpable, but it is New England in
the presence of natural gas, iron, and coal, New England shaped by blast
and forge. The Middle State ideals will dominate Ohio's future.

Bucolic Indiana, too, within the last decade has come into the
possession of gas-fields and has increased the exploitation of her coals
until she seems destined to share in the industrial type represented by
Ohio. Cities have arisen, like a dream, on the sites of country
villages. But Indiana has a much smaller proportion of foreign elements
than any other State of the Old Northwest, and it is the Southern
element that still differentiates her from her sisters. While Ohio's
political leaders still attest the Puritan migration, Indiana's clasp
hands with the leaders from the South.

The Southern elements continue also to reveal themselves in the
Democratic southwestern counties of Illinois, grouped like a broad delta
of the Illinois River, while northern Illinois holds a larger proportion
of descendants of the Middle States and New England. About one-half her
population is of foreign parentage, in which the German, Irish, and
Scandinavians furnish the largest elements. She is a great agricultural
State and a great manufacturing State, the connecting link between the
Mississippi and the Great Lakes. Her metropolis, Chicago, is the very
type of Northwestern development for good and for evil. It is an epitome
of her composite nationality. A recent writer, analyzing the school
census of Chicago, points out that "only two cities in the German
Empire, Berlin and Hamburg, have a greater German population than
Chicago; only two in Sweden, Stockholm and Goeteborg, have more Swedes;
and only two in Norway, Christiana and Bergen, have more Norwegians";
while the Irish, Polish, Bohemians, and Dutch elements are also largely
represented. Bu