ured and civilized
countries."

Proof that such feelings are making their way among the most
intelligent portion of the Russian population is shown by the
remarkable document put forth some weeks ago over the signatures of
noted Christian professors, litterateurs, and members of the Duma, in
which the plea is made for the removal of all restrictions that at
present shackle the Jews. "Let us understand," they say, "that the
welfare and the power of Russia are inseparably bound up with the
welfare and liberties of all the nationalities that constitute the
whole Empire. Let us then conceive this truth. Let us act in
accordance with our intelligence and our conscience, and then we are
sure that the disappearance of all kinds of persecution of the Jews
and their complete emancipation, so as to be our equals in all rights
of citizenship, will form one of the conditions of a real constructive
imperial policy." And we are the more persuaded that these views will
prevail when we remember that Russia has been brought into closer
contact with just those nations of Europe where Jewish emancipation
has been most perfect and has brought forth the best fruits. It is
unthinkable that these nations should fail to put their influence on
the side of Jewish freedom in Russia when European accounts are
finally balanced.[B]

_The Broken Faith of Roumania_

In the second place, any regulation of the Jewish status in Europe
must of necessity include Roumania. The injustice of the Government's
attitude in that country is even more pronounced than it is in Russia.
For Roumania is bound to a certain course by a "scrap of paper." At
the Berlin Congress of 1878, one of the conditions upon which
statehood was granted to Roumania was that the rights of free
citizenship should be conferred upon the Jewish inhabitants in the
principality--who, it may be remarked in passing, were among the
oldest residents there. Roumania gave her solemn promise to carry out
this condition; but by political subterfuge of the most brazen kind
she has circumvented the whole spirit of the demand. The Roumanian
Chamber passed a law to the effect that only Jews who had been
naturalized by it were entitled to citizenship; and as the Chamber
refused to naturalize more than a handful each year, the provisions
of the Berlin Treaty have been as good as void. When quite
recently--in 1913--during the progress of the last Balkan War and
prior to the intervention of Roumania,