of Baron de Hirsch, is co-operating with the
Zionists in the purchase of Palestinian land to be administered by the
Palestine Land Development Company.[26]

The actual achievements, which these instruments have been the means
of effecting, may be summarized in two classes--Palestinian and
non-Palestinian. In both fields, the several branches of Zionist aims
have borne fruit.

_What Zionism Has Accomplished in Palestine_

Palestine in 1880 contained 30,000 Jews, who studied the Law, wailed
at the Wall, and lived miserably on the alms (the Chalukah) of pious
Jewry at large. In 1911 the Jews comprised 100,000 out of a total
population of 700,000. In Jerusalem are 50,000 Jews, 7,000 at
Tiberias, 8,000 at Safed, and 10,000 at Jaffa. A large proportion, it
is true, are settlers of the Ghetto type, but the young generation is
rapidly being changed by the growing school-system.[27]

Numbering about fifty, Jewish agricultural colonies extend the length
of the Holy Land and support some 5,000 Jews in their yield of olives,
dates, wine, sugar, cotton, grain, and cattle. Broad streets, clean
homes with gardens, and orchard land characterize the standard of
living in the colonies, as machinery and agricultural school students
characterize their modern standard of gaining their livelihood.[28] A
constantly increasing number of emigrants are streaming into the Holy
Land, although the Zionists are devoting their main endeavors toward
firmly establishing the resident inhabitants and bettering their
condition. On April 3, 1914, the London _Jewish Chronicle_ reported
the emigration from the single port of Odessa as numbering 250 persons
a week.[29]

In 1886, $1,800,000 of trade passed out through Jaffa, the port of
Palestine; in 1909, the value of the exports rose to $7,500,000.[30]
Rischon-le-Zion, the oldest colony and containing 500 inhabitants,
annually produces, alone, more than a million gallons of wine.[31]

The schools of the older class--Talmud Torah and Yeshibah--still
dominate; but, following the example of the Alliance Israelite, a
modern type of school with a modern curriculum taught in Hebrew has
been established in every colony, and culminates in a Gymnasium at
Jaffa as the principal national educational institution. The
attendance of the colonial schools number about 1,500, and in the
Talmudic schools number several thousands. The Mikveh Israel
Agricultural School, near Jaffa, is the center of vocational
instruc