. It is conceivable that further experimentation
might make it necessary to qualify the mathematical formula. But the
force of gravitation will ever be the same as it has been. The change
from looking upon Judaism as a form of truth to that of regarding it
as of the very substance of reality calls for a complete
transformation in our mode of thinking, or what has been termed "a
psychological change of front." We must break completely with the
habit of identifying the whole of the Jewish religion with merely
certain beliefs and duties, while ignoring completely the living
energy which has operated to produce them. They are only the static
residue of something that is essentially dynamic.

_The Jewish Aversion to Creeds and Formulas_

THE change in attitude which is here advocated is not a departure from
all that has gone before in Jewish life. If it were that, Judaism
could not possibly survive under it. The fact is that we are only
bringing to the fore and translating into modern phraseology an
attitude that in one form or another has always asserted itself in
Judaism. Simultaneously with the tendency to compress Judaism within
certain formulas, there has always shown itself a strong aversion to
gathering Judaism within creeds and minima of conformity. To-day that
aversion, which has hitherto remained a matter of feeling and
intuition, can make itself articulate by availing itself of the
results of recent research in the fields of religion. It need no
longer entertain the fear of being charged with spiritual anarchy.
Discountenancing dogmas in Judaism is not synonymous with intellectual
libertinism. It is rather a protest against shallowness and
superficiality, much like the chagrin of the artist at having his
knowledge of drawing praised and the soul of the picture missed.

We can give in this connection a few cursory examples of the
anti-summarizing tendency. The Torah itself, in one instance, seems to
set out with a view of reducing Judaism to a minimum, but scarcely
finds itself able to do so. "And now, Israel, what doth the Lord thy
God require of thee, but to fear the Lord thy God, and to walk in all
His ways, and to love Him, and to serve the Lord thy God with all thy
heart and with all thy soul, to keep the commandments of thy Lord and
the statutes, which I command thee this day, for thine own good?" "Is
this a small matter?" asks the Talmud, in evident surprise at the
hugeness of the program. When the woul