ghout the relief work in Macedonia we had employed Albanians in
every post of trust--as interpreters, guides, kavasses and clerks.

The depot of the British and Foreign Bible Society at Monastir was
entirely in Albanian hands. The Albanian was invaluable to the Bible
Society, and the Bible Society was invaluable to the Albanians.

Albania was suffering very heavily. Every other of the Sultan
subject races had its own schools--schools that were, moreover,
heavily subsidized from abroad. The Bulgarian schools in particular
were surprisingly well equipped. Each school was an active centre of
Nationalist propaganda. All the schoolmasters were revolutionary
leaders. All were protected by various consulates which insisted on
opening new schools and protested when any were interfered with.

Only when it was too late to stop the schools did the Turks perceive
their danger. First came the school, then the revolution, then
foreign intervention--and another piece of the Turkish' Empire was
carved off. This had happened with Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria. The
Turks resolved it should not happen in the case of Albania.

Albania was faced by two enemies. Not only the Turk dreaded the
uprising of Albania, but Russia had already determined that the
Balkan Peninsula was to be Slav and Orthodox. Greece as Orthodox
might be tolerated. No one else.

The Turkish Government prohibited the printing and teaching of the
Albanian language under most severe penalties. Turkish schools were
established for the Moslem Albanians, and every effort made to bring
up the children to believe they were Turks. In South Albania, where
the Christians belong to the Orthodox Church, the Greeks were
encouraged to found schools and work a Greek propaganda. The Turks
hoped thus to prevent the rise of a strong national Albanian party.
The Greek Patriarch went so far as to threaten with excommunication
any Orthodox Albanian who should use the "accursed language" in
church or school. In North Albania, where the whole of the
Christians are Catholics, the Austrians, who had been charged by
Europe with the duty of protecting the Catholics, established
religious schools in which the teaching was in Albanian, and with
which the Turkish Government was unable to interfere. The Jesuits,
under Austrian protection, established a printing press in Scutari
for the printing in Albanian of religious books. But this movement,
being strictly Catholic, was confined to the North. I