History of Religions_ (Oxford, 1908), vol. ii. p. 169
foll. A different view of the original meaning of the
word is put forward by W. Otto in _Archiv fuer
Religionswissenschaft_, vol. xii., 1909, p. 533
(henceforward to be cited as _Archiv_ simply). See also
below, p. 459 foll.

[9] See, _e.g._, Frazer in _Anthropological Essays
presented to E. B. Tylor_, p. 101 foll.

[10] _Staatsverwaltung_, iii. p. 2. This will
henceforward be cited as _Marquardt_ simply. It forms
part of the great _Handbuch der roemischen Alterthuemer_
of Mommsen and Marquardt, and is translated into French,
but unfortunately not into English. I may add here that
I have only recently become acquainted with what was, at
the time it was written, a remarkably good account of
the Roman religion, full of insight as well as learning,
viz. Doellinger's _The Gentile and the Jew_, Book VII.
(vol. ii. of the English translation, 1906).

[11] Two fragments of ancient carmina, _i.e._ formulae
which are partly spells and partly hymns, survive--those
of the Fratres Arvales and the Salii or dancing priests
of Mars. For surviving formulae of prayer see below, p.
185 foll. Our chief authority on the ritual of prayer
and sacrifice comes from Iguvium in Umbria, and is in
the Umbrian dialect; it will be referred to in
Buecheler's _Umbrica_ (1883), where a Latin translation
will be found. The Umbrian text revised by Prof. Conway
forms an important part of that eminent scholar's work
on the Italian dialects.

[12] F. Leo, in _Die griechische und lateinische
Literatur und Sprache_, p. 328. Cp. Schanz, _Geschichte
der roem. Literatur_, vol. i. p. 54 foll.

[13] Among Roman poets Ovid is the worst offender,
Propertius and Tibullus mislead in a less degree; but
they all make up for it to some extent by preserving for
us features of the worship as it existed in their own
day. The confusion that has been caused in Roman
religious history by mixing up Greek and Roman evidence
is incalculable, and has recently been increased by Pais
(_Storia di Roma_, and _Ancient Legends of Roman
History_), and by Dr. Frazer in his lectures on the
early history of Kingship--writers to whom in some ways
we owe valuable hints for the elucidation of Roman
problems. See also Soltau, _Die Anfaenge der roemischen