convenient
way to hold Y in place is in the left hand, palm up, while the left
forearm rests upon X. Drive one of the nails home, and continue
driving until the parts exactly fit. Then drive home the other nail.
Now fasten together in the same way the other two members of the
picture-frame, and then, one at a time, the third and fourth joint.
This is the method used in picture-frame factories, and when once
learned is very simple.

[Illustration: Fig. 255. Picture-Frame-Clamp. (See also Fig. 254.)]

For gluing together at once all the members of a mitered frame, the
device shown in Fig. 253 is convenient and is easily made. Out of two
pieces of wood somewhat longer than the two end pieces of the frame,
gains are cut of the exact length of the ends, as shown in the
illustration. By applying two clamps lengthwise on the frame, all four
joints may be glued together at once. If the frame does not come up
square, it may be squared by means of a temporary brace, A, in Fig.
253.

The device shown in Figs. 254 and 255, is also an easily made and
efficient tool. At least the small pieces, which receive the corners
of the frame, should be made of hard wood such as maple. It is
self-adjusting but care must be taken not to buckle the parts of a
narrow frame by over pressure. It is well to soap or oil the corner
pieces to prevent their being glued to the frame.

[Illustration: Fig. 256. Gluing up a Column Joint. (Pinch-Dogs at Top
of Joints.)]

In gluing together long mitered joints, in six or eight sided taborets
or columns, in which the members meet edgewise, one method is to wrap
a few turns of bale wire around the parts and drive in wedges under
the wire to obtain pressure, Fig. 256. Another method is to wrap a
stout rope, such as is used for window weights, around all the pieces,
properly set up, then to tighten it by twisting it with a stick thru
a loop, Fig. 257. A still more effective way is by means of the Noxall
Column Clamp, a powerful device, used chiefly for gluing up such
pieces as the pillar of a centrally supported table, Fig. 259. Care
must be taken with all these devices to protect the corners, unless
they are to be rounded off afterward. A good way to protect them is
with pieces fastened together in the shape shown in Fig. 258, b, and
Fig. 257, the interior angle being equal to the exterior angle of the
piece to be glued. In the case of a taboret with slender legs, care
must be taken to insert blocks betwee