[Footnote 11: The whole of this tale is translated in Bowring's little
volume of "Servian Popular Poetry."]

[Footnote 12: The Greek ballad is entitled "The Journey by Night," and
begins thus:

Manna, me tous ennea sou uious, kai me ten mia sou kore.

'O mother, thou, with thy nine sons, and with thine only daughter.'

A Russian ballad also begins very similarly:

"At Kief, in that famous town,
Resided a rich widow;
Nine sons the widow of Kief had,
The tenth was a daughter dear."

The story however is essentially different.]

[Footnote 13: See above p. 306, n. 2.]

[Footnote 14: This remarkable fact is mentioned by all Russian
historians, on the good authority of the ancient annalist Nestor.]

[Footnote 15: "The Tshuvashes have a Penate, which they call Erich.
This Erich is nothing but a bundle of broom, _cytisus_, tied together
in the middle with the inner bark of the linden. It consists of
fifteen branches of equal size, about four feet long; above is a piece
of tin attached to it. Each house has such an Erich, which usually
stands in a corner of the entry. Nobody ventures to touch it. When it
becomes dry, a new Erich is tied together, and the old one placed in
running water with great reverence." See _Stimmen des Russ. Volks_,
von P.v. Goetze, Stuttg. 1828, page 17.--The Tshuvashes, however, are
not a Slavic, but a Finnish race, living under the Russian dominion.]

[Footnote 16: Dobrovsky's _Slavin_, 1834, p. 113.]

[Footnote 17: _Werke_, _Ausgabe letzter Hand_, Vol. XLVI. p. 332.]

[Footnote 18: In those four of our Russian specimens marked P, the
translation is by J.G. Percival.]

[Footnote 19: Page 323.]

[Footnote 20: See above, p. 64.]

[Footnote 21: We say, 'to judge from the language.' But their
coincidence with Bohemian ballads of the thirteenth century, and
various other indications (e.g. their frequent mention of the Danube),
seem to vindicate, for their groundwork at least, a very high
antiquity.]

[Footnote 22: _Stimmen des Russischen Volkes_, von P.v. Goetze,
Stuttg. 1848.]

[Footnote 23: Slavery in Russia is comparatively of modern date.]

[Footnote 24: _Pjesni Russkawo Naroda_, St. Petersb. 1837-39, Vol. IV.
p. 29.--We would remark here, that all our specimens are translated,
not by means of the German, but from the original languages, and that
all the originals are (or have been) in our possession. It would have
been easy to embellish these simple songs by li