ttle additions or
omissions, the rhymeless ones by rhyme, and the rhymed ones by more
regularity; but we could not possibly have done it without impairing
the fidelity of such a version.]

[Footnote 25: Both these are bad omens for a Russian girl.]

[Footnote 26: Names of the street and gate in Moscow, through which
formerly criminals were led to execution.]

[Footnote 27: _Buinaya golowushka_, that is, the _fierce, rebellious,
impetuous head_, and _mogutshiya pletsha_, or _strong shoulders_, are
standing expressions in Russia, in reference to a young hero; the
former, especially, when there is allusion to some traitorous action.]

[Footnote 28: Sacharof's Collection, Vol. IV. p. 218; see p. 346.]

[Footnote 29: That is, the Russian governments Kief, Pultava,
Tshernigof, Kharkof, and Yekatrinoslav. The latter, the cradle of the
present population of Malo-Russia, belongs, according to the present
geographical division of the Russian empire, to Southern Russia.]

[Footnote 30: The Polish poet Bogdjanski is said to have collected in
the government of Pultava alone towards 8000! A great many of these
consist, of course, only in variations of the same theme, owing to the
failing memory of the singer. Maximovitch's Collection contains
several thousand pieces.]

[Footnote 31: _Volkslieder der Polen gesammelt und uebersezt, von W.P._
Leipzig 1833. It ought to have been called _Songs of the Ruthenian
people in Poland_.]

[Footnote 32: The origin of this polite appellation is its rise in the
Ivanovskoi Lake.]

[Footnote 33: Towards the close of the eighteenth century, Catharine
II induced great numbers of the Zaporoguean Kozaks to move to the
northern shore of the Kuban, east of the Black Sea or _Tshernayamora_,
in order to protect the border against the Circassians. They are hence
called Tshernomorskii, or Black Sea Kozaks.]

[Footnote 34: These affectionate feelings were gradually extended
towards all the rivers of their ancient establishments. Their ballads
express a tender attachment to Mother Wolga, Mother Kamyshenka, Mother
Tsarytzina, etc.]

[Footnote 35: See above, p. 297.]

[Footnote 36: Yessaul is the name of that officer among the Kozaks,
who stands immediately under the Hetman. The ballad refers to an
incident which happened before 1648. It is from Sreznevski's _Starina
Zaporoshnaya_, i.e. _History of the Zaporoguean Kozaks_, Kharkof
1837.]

[Footnote 37: Probably John Wihowski, Hetman after Chmielnic