of both categories
of officialdom to the Constitution.

Notes

[1] On the supremacy of treaties over conflicting State law, _see_ pp.
414-418. The supremacy due to treaties has, within recent years, been
extended to certain executive agreements. _See_ Justice Douglas in
United States _v._ Pink, 315 U.S. 203 (1942). As to the supremacy of
Congressional legislation implementing the national judicial power,
_see_ Tennessee _v._ Davis, 100 U.S. 257, 266-267 (1880); and Ex parte
Siebold, 100 U.S. 404 (1880).

[2] 4. Wheat. 316 (1819). Marshall had anticipated his argument in this
case in 1805, in United States _v._ Fisher, 2 Cr. 358 (1805), in which
he upheld the act of 1797 asserting for the United States a priority of
its claims over those of the States. _See_ Chief Justice Taft's opinion
in Spokane County _v._ United States, 279 U.S. 80, 87 (1929), where
United States _v._ Fisher is followed; _also_ 1 Warren, Supreme Court in
United States History, 372, 538 ff.

[3] 9 Wheat. 1 (1824).

[4] 4 Wheat. 316, 436 (1819).

[5] 9 Wheat. 1, 210-211 (1824).

[6] 11 Pet. 102 (1837).

[7] Ibid. 139.

[8] Ibid. 161.

[9] 5 How. 504 (1847).

[10] Ibid. 573-574.

[11] National Labor Relations Board _v._ Jones & Laughlin Steel
Corporation, 301 U.S. 1 (1937).

[12] Steward Machine Co. _v._ Davis, 301 U.S. 548 (1937); Helvering _v._
Davis, 301 U.S. 619 (1937).

[13] United States _v._ Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941); _see_ especially
ibid. 113-124.

[14] Sola Electric Co. _v._ Jefferson Electric Co., 317 U.S. 173, 170
(1942); Hill _v._ Florida, 325 U.S. 538 (1945); _see also_ Testa _v._
Katt, 330 U.S. 380, 391 (1947); Francis _v._ Southern Pacific Co. 333
U.S. 445 (1918); and Bus Employers _v._ Wisconsin Board, 340 U.S. 383
(1951).

[15] Southern Pacific Co. _v._ Arizona, 825 U.S. 761 (1945); Rice _v._
Santa Fe Elevator Co., 331 U.S. 218, 230 (1947); Auto Workers _v._ Wis.
Board, 336 U.S. 245, 253 (1949); United States _v._ Burnison, 339 U.S.
87, 91-92 (1950).

[16] Ohio _v._ Thomas, 173 U.S. 276, 283 (1899).

[17] Johnson _v._ Maryland, 254 U.S. 51 (1920).

[18] Arizona _v._ California, 283 U.S. 423, 451 (1931).

[19] 9 Wall. 353 (1870).

[20] Ibid. 362.

[21] 161 U.S. 275 (1896).

[22] Ibid. 283.

[23] Reagan _v._ Mercantile Trust Co., 154 U.S. 413 (1894).

[24] Johnson _v._ Maryland, 254 U.S. 51, 56 (1920).

[25] Penn Dairies _v._ Milk Control Comm'n., 318 U.S. 261 (1943).

[26] Pacific Coast Dairy _