that among 3000 prostitutes at least ten per cent.
were homosexual. See also Parent-Duchatelet, _De la Prostitution_, 3d ed.,
vol. i, pp. 159, 169; Martineau, _Les Deformations vulvaires et anales_;
and Iwan Bloch, _Beitraege zur AEtiologie der Psychopathia Sexualis_, 1902,
vol. i, p. 244.

[157] Hirschfeld, _Die Homosexualitaet_, p. 330.

[158] Eulenburg, _Sexuelle Neuropathie_, p. 144.

[159] See vol. vi of these _Studies_, "Sex in Relation to Society," ch.
vii.

[160] The prostitute has sometimes been regarded as a special type,
analogous to the instinctive criminal. This point of view has been
specially emphasized by Lombroso and Ferrero, _La Donna Delinquente_.
Apart from this, these authors regard homosexuality among prostitutes as
due to the following causes (p. 410 et seq.): (_a_) excessive and often
unnatural venery; (_b_) confinement in a prison, with separation from men;
(_c_) close association with the same sex, such as is common in brothels;
(_d_) maturity and old age, inverting the secondary sexual characters and
predisposing to sexual inversion; (_e_) disgust of men produced by a
prostitute's profession, combined with the longing for love. For cases of
homosexuality in American prostitutes, see D. McMurtrie, _Lancet-Clinic_,
Nov. 2, 1912.

[161] Thus Casanova, who knew several nuns intimately, refers to
homosexuality as a childish sin so common in convents that confessors
imposed no penance for it (_Memoires_, ed. Garnier, vol. iv, p. 517).
Homosexuality in convent schools has been studied by Mercante, _Archivos
di Psiquiatria_, 1905, pp. 22-30.

[162] I quote the following from a private letter written in Switzerland:
"An English resident has told me that his wife has lately had to send away
her parlor-maid (a pretty girl) because she was always taking in strange
women to sleep with her. I asked if she had been taken from hotel service,
and found, as I expected, that she had. But neither my friend nor his wife
suspected the real cause of these nocturnal visits."

[163] For a series of cases of affection of girls for girls, in apparently
normal subjects in the United States, see, e.g., Lancaster, "The
Psychology and Pedagogy of Adolescence," _Pedagogical Seminary_, July,
1897, p. 88; also, for school friendships between girls, exactly
resembling those between boys and girls, Theodate L. Smith, "Types of
Adolescent Affection," ib., June, 1904, pp. 193, 195.

[164] Obici and Marchesini, _Le "Amiciz