e irresistible potency of the inner impulse is well illustrated
in a case presented by Hirschfeld and Burchard: "My daughter
Erna," said the subject's mother, "showed boyish inclinations at
the age of 3, and they increased from year to year. She never
played with dolls, only with tin soldiers, guns, and castles. She
would climb trees and jump ditches; she made friends with the
drivers of all the carts that came to our house and they would
place her on the horse's back. The annual circus was a joy to her
for all the year. Even as a child of 4 she was so fearless on
horseback that lookers-on shouted Bravo! and all declared she was
a born horsewoman. It was her greatest wish to be a boy. She
would wear her elder brother's clothes all day, notwithstanding
her grandmother's indignation. Cycling, gymnastics, boating,
swimming, were her passion, and she showed skill in them. As she
grew older she hated prettily adorned hats and clothes. I had
much trouble with her for she would not wear pretty things. The
older she grew the more her masculine and decided ways developed.
This excited much outcry and offence. People found my daughter
unfeminine and disagreeable, but all my trouble and exhortations
availed nothing to change her." Now this young woman whom all the
influences of a normal feminine environment failed to render
feminine was not physiologically a woman at all; the case proved
to be the unique instance of an individual possessing all the
external characteristics of a woman combined with internal
testicular tissue capable of emitting true masculine semen
through the feminine urethra. No suggestions of the environment
could suffice to overcome this fundamental fact of internal
constitution. (Hirschfeld and Burchard, "Spermasekretion aus
einer weiblichen Harnroehre," _Deutsche medizinische
Wochenschrift_, No. 52, 1911.)

I may here quote three American cases (not previously published), for
which I am indebted to Prof. G. Frank Lydston, of Chicago. They seem to me
to illustrate the only kind of suggestions which play much part in the
evolution of inversion. I give them in Dr. Lydston's words:--

CASE I.--A man, 45 years of age, attracted by the allusion to my
essay on "Social Perversion" contained in the English translation
of Krafft-Ebing's _Psychopathia Sexualis_, consulted me regarding
t