age such
manifestations.[181] The modern movement of emancipation--the movement to
obtain the same rights and duties as men, the same freedom and
responsibility, the same education and the same work--must be regarded as,
on the whole, a wholesome and inevitable movement. But it carries with it
certain disadvantages.[182] Women are, very justly, coming to look upon
knowledge and experience generally as their right as much as their
brothers' right. But when this doctrine is applied to the sexual sphere it
finds certain limitations. Intimacies of any kind between young men and
young women are as much discouraged socially now as ever they were; as
regards higher education, the mere association of the sexes in the
lecture-room or the laboratory or the hospital is discouraged in England
and in America. While men are allowed freedom, the sexual field of women
is becoming restricted to trivial flirtation with the opposite sex, and to
intimacy with their own sex; having been taught independence of men and
disdain for the old theory which placed women in the moated grange of the
home to sigh for a man who never comes, a tendency develops for women to
carry this independence still farther and to find love where they find
work. These unquestionable influences of modern movements cannot directly
cause sexual inversion, but they develop the germs of it, and they
probably cause a spurious imitation. This spurious imitation is due to the
fact that the congenital anomaly occurs with special frequency in women of
high intelligence who, voluntarily or involuntarily, influence others.

Kurella, Bloch, and others believe that the woman movement has
helped to develop homosexuality (see, e.g., I. Bloch, _Beitraege
zur AEtiologie der Psychopathia Sexualis_, 1902, vol. i, p. 248).
Various "feminine Strindbergs of the woman movement," as they
have been termed, displayed marked hostility to men. Anna Rueling
claims that many leaders of the movement, from the outset until
today, have been inverted. Hirschfeld, however (_Die
Homosexualitaet_, p. 500), after giving special attention to the
matter, concludes that, alike among English suffragettes and in
the German Verein fuer Frauenstimmrecht, the percentage of inverts
is less than 10 per cent.

FOOTNOTES:

[137] Catharina Margaretha Lincken, who married another woman, somewhat
after the manner of the Hungarian Countess Sarolta Vay (i.e., with the aid