rs of
Foreign Births--Figures--Hopeful Features--Fewer Paupers Immigrate--Want
of Trade--Selfishness of Unions--Aversion to Steady Industry..pp. 32-38

CHAPTER IV.

CAUSES OF CRIME--WEAKNESS OF MARRIAGE-TIE.

Reasons why Second Marriage is Productive of Crime among the Poor--Force
of Public Opinion in Preserving Marriage-bond--Weakening of it by
Emigration--Fruits of Free Love among the Poor--INHERITANCE--Power of
Transmitted Tendencies in Producing Crime--Hopeful Feature in New
York--Few Continued Families of Paupers and Criminals--Action of Natural
Selection in Favor of Virtue--Vicious Organizations Die Out--Explanation
of Extraordinary Improvement in Children under Reformatory
Influences--The Immediate Influences of Bad Parents Overcome by the
Transmitted Tendencies of Virtuous Ancestors, and by New
Circumstances--The Incessant Change of our People Favorable to
Virtue--Villages more Exposed to Criminal Families than
Cities--Causes................................................pp. 39-50

CHAPTER V.

CAUSES OF CRIME--OVERCROWDING.

Form of New York--Its Effect on Population--Bad Government Increases
Rents--Rate of Population to the Square Mile in the Eleventh Ward--In
the Tenth, Seventeenth, and other Wards--In London--Greater Overcrowding
in New York--Instance of Overcrowding in the First Ward--Effect on the
Criminal Habits of Girls--The Dens of Criminal Boys--Cellar
Population--Effect of Overcrowding on the Death-rate--Upon the Crime of
the City-Remedies--Better Means of Distributing Population--Improved
Communications with the Country--Cheap and Honest Government--Organized
Movement for Transferring Labor to the Country--Remedy in Sanitary
Legislation--Effect of British Lodging-house Acts--Cellar Population
of Liverpool--The Model Lodging-houses--Great Need of them in New
York..........................................................pp. 51-63

CHAPTER VI.

CAUSES OF CRIME--INTEMPERANCE.

The Power of Alcoholic Stimulus on the Laboring-man--Attraction of the
Liquor-shop--Terrible Effects of Drunkenness--Number of Criminals in
City Prisons Intemperate--Little Drunkenness among Children--Great
Effects of the Total Abstinence Reform--Good Influence of the Irish
Catholic Clergy--Necessity for other Remedies--Cultivation of Higher
Tastes--Influence of the Sydenham Palac