lent Lady--Her Labors among the Poor--Miss
Andrew's Teaching--Pestalozzi's System--Old Systems too Mechanical and
too much Memorizing--Effects in Loose Habits of Thinking--Inaccurate
Observation--Children Found Incompetent for Practical Life--Object
System begins with the Senses--First Learning of Colors and of
Numbers--Sounds Taught before Names of Letters--Dr. Leigh's System--Mr.
Caulkins's Views--Words to be Learned First, Letters Afterward--Spelling
to be Learned After Reading--Quotation from Mr. Caulkins's Work--New
Method of learning Geography--Geography Becomes a Natural
Science--Natural History Taught by Objects--Lessons in Morality and
Religion given in a Similar Manner--Weights, Measures, and Geometry thus
Taught--Definition Learned through Objects--Spelling and Grammar in like
Manner--Great Effort on part of the Teacher.................pp. 181-193

CHAPTER XVII.

THE LITTLE ITALIAN ORGAN-GRINDERS.

Italian Quarter in Five Points--Cruelty of the Padroni--Rev. Dr.
Hawks--Signor Cerqua--Description of the Five Points' Italian
Settlement--Characteristics of Poor Italians--Foundation of Italian
School in 1855--Opposition of Bigoted Italians--Anathemas of the
Priest--Increase of the School--Mental Improvement--Moral
Progress--Gratitude of Poor Italians--Visits among the Rookeries of the
Five Points--Dens in Baxter Street--Feeling of Italian Children towards
their Teacher--Assistants by American-Italians--Co-operation of the
Italian Government--Generosity of Italian Children to other
Charities...................................................pp. 194-211

CHAPTER XVII.

THE "LAMBS" or COTTAGE PLACE.

Mr. Macy's Efforts--A Free Reading-room--Earnest Nature of the
Work--Self-sacrifice of Lady Volunteers--Miss Macy's Treatment of
Colored Children during the Riots--Good Effects of the School in
Preventing Thieving and Begging--Cottage-place School--The Little
Beggars of the First Ward--Application to Trinity Church--Mr. Lord's
Valuable Assistance--Interesting Incident--Reform of a Street-sweeper in
the "Lord School"--A Ragged School on St John's Park--Fourteenth-ward
Industrial School--The Colored Poor--Other Industrial Schools--The
Shanty People near the Park--Interesting Night-school--Efforts to
prevent a New "Nineteenth street Gang"--No Children Admitted who can
attend Public Schools--Improvement In the Teaching--Super