angers of State
Endowments--Weakness of Individual Charities--Danger of Machinery Taking
Place of Work--The Natural Family Better than the Asylum Machinery--The
Needless Multiplication of Charities--Bad Effects on the Poor and on the
Public--A Trade in Alms--Necessity of a Bureau--Should be Directed by
the State Board of Charities................................pp. 377-387

CHAPTER XXXII.

HOW BEST TO GIVE ALMS--"TAKE, NOT GIVE."

Reply of the missionary in East London--The Evil of
Alms-giving--Experience of the English--Everything given but
Education--Charity Expenses of London--Good Fortune of this
Country--Degrading Influence of Alms--Able-bodied Paupers in New
York--Transmitted Pauperism--Terrible Instance in an Alms-house in
Western New York--Outdoor Relief very Dangerous--Ought to be Limited in
this City--Private Alms Better--Abuse of Private Benefactions--Great
Number of Deserving Poor in the City--Policy of the Children's Aid
Society--They Desire to Prevent the Demand for Alms--Our Lodging-houses
Cultivate Independence--Boys Obliged to Pay--The "Howland
Fund"--Distribution of Gifts on Christmas--Objection to the "Bootblack
Brigade"--Our Industrial Schools Reformatories of Pauperism--Garments
given as Rewards for Good Conduct--Begging Discouraged--Parents Induced
to Save--Principle of this Society to give Education rather than
Alms........................................................pp. 388-397

CHAPTER XXXIII.

HOW SHALL CRIMINAL CHILDREN BE TREATED?

The Child, above all, an Individual--Unsuited to be put in a large
Institution--Influence of a Number of Criminal Children on One
Another--Absence of the Most Powerful Forces of the Outside World--The
Work of a Reformatory not suited for After-life--Working the Ground the
Best--Garden-work very Useful for Criminal Young Girls--Mr. Pease's
Success--The True Plan--The "Family System"--Each Child does the Small
Work of the Cottage--Children near the Natural Condition--Only Defect
the Unprofitableness of the Labor--The Most Successful Reformatories of
Europe on the Family System.................................pp. 398-403

CHAPTER XXXIV.

WHAT SHALL BE DONE WITH FOUNDLINGS?

The Need of Shelter for Illegitimate Children--Their Numbers in European
Cities--Estimated Number in New York--Number of Still-births--Relation
of Illegi