lly occupied the country which is
now the kingdom of Bavaria; and the Salassii, that part of Piedmont which
includes the valley of Aost.]

[Footnote 140: The temple of Mars Ultor was erected by Augustus in
fulfilment of a vow made by him at the battle of Philippi. It stood in
the Forum which he built, mentioned in chap. xxxix. There are no remains
of either.]

[Footnote 141: "The Ovatio was an inferior kind of Triumph, granted in
cases where the victory was not of great importance, or had been obtained
without difficulty. The general entered the city on foot or on horseback,
crowned with myrtle, not with laurel; and instead of bullocks, the
sacrifice was performed with a sheep, whence this procession acquired its
name."--Thomson.]

[Footnote 142: "The greater Triumph, in which the victorious general and
his army advanced in solemn procession through the city to the Capitol,
was the highest military honour which could be obtained in the Roman
state. Foremost in the procession went musicians of various kinds, singing
and playing triumphal songs. Next were led the oxen to be sacrificed,
having their horns gilt, and their heads adorned with fillets and
garlands. Then in carriages were brought the spoils taken from the enemy,
statues, pictures, plate, armour, gold and silver, and brass; with golden
crowns, and other gifts, sent by the allied and tributary states. The
captive princes and generals followed in chains, with their children and
attendants. After them came the lictors, having their fasces wreathed
with laurel, followed by a great company of musicians and dancers dressed
like Satyrs, and wearing crowns of gold; in the midst of whom was one in a
female dress, whose business it was, with his looks and gestures, to
insult the vanquished. Next followed a long train of persons carrying
perfumes. Then came the victorious general, dressed in purple embroidered
with gold, with a crown of laurel on his head, a branch of laurel in his
right hand, and in his left an ivory sceptre, with an eagle on the top;
having his face painted with vermilion, in the same manner as the statue
of Jupiter on festival days, and a golden Bulla hanging on his breast, and
containing some amulet, or magical preservative against envy. He stood in
a gilded chariot, adorned with ivory, and drawn by four white horses,
sometimes by elephants, attended by his relations, and a great crowd of
citizens, all in white. His children used to ride