hereditary, and he had them all
shaved--a practice we find mentioned just below--history does not inform
us, nor are we able to conjecture.]

[Footnote 443: The priest of Diana Nemorensis obtained and held his
office by his prowess in arms, having to slay his competitors, and offer
human sacrifices, and was called Rex from his reigning paramount in the
adjacent forest. The temple of this goddess of the chase stood among the
deep woods which clothe the declivities of the Alban Mount, at a short
distance from Rome--nemus signifying a grove. Julius Caesar had a
residence there. See his Life, c. lxxi. The venerable woods are still
standing, and among them chestnut-trees, which, from their enormous girth
and vast apparent age, we may suppose to have survived from the era of the
Caesars. The melancholy and sequestered lake of Nemi, deep set in a
hollow of the surrounding woods, with the village on its brink, still
preserve the name of Nemi.]

[Footnote 444: An Essedarian was one who fought from an Esseda, the light
carriage described in a former note, p. 264.]

[Footnote 445: See before, JULIUS, c. x., and note.]

[Footnote 446: Particularly at Baiae, see before, c. xix. The practice
of encroaching on the sea on this coast, commenced before,--

Jactis in altum molibus.--Hor. Od. B. iii. 1. 34.]

[Footnote 447: Most of the gladiators were slaves.]

[Footnote 448: The part of the Palatium built or occupied by Augustus and
Tiberius.]

[Footnote 449: Mevania, a town of Umbria. Its present name is Bevagna.
The Clitumnus is a river in the same country, celebrated for the breed of
white cattle, which feed in the neighbouring pastures.]

[Footnote 450: Caligula appears to have meditated an expedition to
Britain at the time of his pompous ovation at Puteoli, mentioned in c.
xiii.; but if Julius Caesar could gain no permanent footing in this
island, it was very improbable that a prince of Caligula's character would
ever seriously attempt it, and we shall presently see that the whole
affair turned out a farce.]

[Footnote 451: It seems generally agreed, that the point of the coast
which was signalized by the ridiculous bravado of Caligula, somewhat
redeemed by the erection of a lighthouse, was Itium, afterwards called
Gessoriacum, and Bononia (Boulogne), a town belonging to the Gaulish tribe
of the Morini; where Julius Caesar embarked on his expedition, and which
became the usual place of departure for th