ists.]

[Footnote 432: A quotation from the tragedy of Atreus, by L. Attius,
mentioned by Cicero. Off. i. 28.]

[Footnote 433: See before, AUGUSTUS, c. lxxi.]

[Footnote 434: These celebrated words are generally attributed to Nero;
but Dio and Seneca agree with Suetonius in ascribing them to Caligula.]

[Footnote 435: Gladiators were distinguished by their armour and manner
of fighting. Some were called Secutores, whose arms were a helmet, a
shield, a sword, or a leaden ball. Others, the usual antagonists of the
former, were named Retiarii. A combatant of this class was dressed in a
short tunic, but wore nothing on his head. He carried in his left hand a
three-pointed lance, called Tridens or Fuscina, and in his right, a net,
with which he attempted to entangle his adversary, by casting it over his
head, and suddenly drawing it together; when with his trident he usually
slew him. But if he missed his aim, by throwing the net either too short
or too far, he instantly betook himself to flight, and endeavoured to
prepare his net for a second cast. His antagonist, in the mean time,
pursued, to prevent his design, by dispatching him.]

[Footnote 436: AUGUSTUS, c. xxiii.]

[Footnote 437: TIBERIUS, c. xl.]

[Footnote 438: See before, c. xix.]

[Footnote 439: Popae were persons who, at public sacrifices, led the
victim to the altar. They had their clothes tucked up, and were naked to
the waist. The victim was led with a slack rope, that it might not seem
to be brought by force, which was reckoned a bad omen. For the same
reason, it was allowed to stand loose before the altar, and it was thought
a very unfavourable sign if it got away.]

[Footnote 440: Plato de Repub. xi.; and Cicero and Tull. xlviii.]

[Footnote 441: The collar of gold, taken from the gigantic Gaul who was
killed in single combat by Titus Manlius, called afterwards Torquatus, was
worn by the lineal male descendants of the Manlian family. But that
illustrious race becoming extinct, the badge of honour, as well as the
cognomen of Torquatus, was revived by Augustus, in the person of Caius
Nonius Asprenas, who perhaps claimed descent by the female line from the
family of Manlius.]

[Footnote 442: Cincinnatus signifies one who has curled or crisped hair,
from which Livy informs us that Lucius Quintus derived his cognomen. But
of what badge of distinction Caligula deprived the family of the
Cincinnati, unless the natural feature was