ii.
(11) Dawkins's "Early Man in Britain," p. 355.
(12) Dawkins's "Early Man in Britain," p. 350.
(13) "Prehistoric Times," p. 34.
(14) "Early Man in Britain," p. 351.
(15) Figuier's "Primitive Man," p. 255.
(16) Rau's "Early Man in Europe," p. 135, and note.
(17) Lubbock's "Prehistoric Times," p. 39.
(18) Morgan's "Ancient Society," pp. 119, 120.
(19) Dawkins's "Early Man in Europe," p. 449.
(20) Dawkins's "Early Man in Britain," p. 383.
(21) Lubbock's "Prehistoric Times," p. 157.
(22) Lubbock's "Prehistoric Times," p. 74.
(23) A.D., 995-1035.
(24) Ferguson's "Rude Stone Monuments."
(25) Dawkins's "Early Man in Britain," p. 367.
(26) Figuier's "Primitive Man," p. 283.
(27) Ferguson's "Rude Stone Monuments."
(28) Dawkins's "Early Man in Britain," p. 377.
(29) James's "Stonehenge," p. 3.

Chapter VIII

THE IRON AGE IN EUROPE.

Bronze not the best metal--Difficulties attending the discovery of
Iron--Probable steps in this discovery--Where this discovery was first
made--Known in ancient Egypt--How this knowledge would spread--Iron
would not drive out Bronze--The primitive Iron-worker--The advance in
government--Pottery and ornaments of the Iron Age,--Weapons of
early Iron Age--The battle-field at Tilfenan--Trade of early Iron
Age--Invention of Money--Invention of Alphabetic Writing--Invasion of
the Germanic Tribes--The cause of the Dark Ages--Connection of these
three Ages--Necessity of believing in an extended past--Attempts
to determine the same--Tiniere Delta--Lake Bienne, British
Fen-beds--Maximum and Minimum data--Argument from the widespread
dispersion of the Turanian Race--Mr. Geikie's conclusions--The isolation
of the Paleolithic Age.

The introduction of bronze was the harbinger of better days to the
various tribes of Europe. Without metals it is doubtful if man would
ever have been able to raise himself from barbarism. His advance in
civilization has been in direct proportion to his ability to work
metals. As long as he knew how to work bronze only he could not hope for
the best results. The trouble was not in the metal itself, but in the
supply; for copper and tin, the constituents of bronze, are found only
in limited amounts. When we reflect on the multiplicity of purposes for
which some metallic substance is needed, we at once perceive that men
require a metal which can not only be worked cheaply, but