Gulf, doubtless many
times larger than its present representative. The animals then living
included several species that have since become extinct. Mastodons and
elephants must have been numerous, as their remains are frequently found
in loess deposits.<61> They have also been found in the gravels of
New Jersey, in connection with the rude implements already mentioned.
Probably keeping close to the retreating glaciers were such animals as
the moose, reindeer, and musk-ox, while the walrus disported itself in
the waters off the coast. At any rate those animals now only found in
high northern latitudes were living during Glacial times as far south as
Kentucky and New Jersey.<62>

A good deal of interest is connected with the finding of one mastodon's
tooth. It was found in the gravel deposit, about fourteen feet beneath
the surface. It must have been washed to the position where found when
the great floods from the melting glacier, with their burden of sand and
gravel, were rolling down the valley. We can either conclude that the
climate was such as to permit the existence of such animals, or that the
animal to which it belonged lived in some far away pre-glacial time. But
our interest suddenly increases when we learn that, but a few feet away,
under exactly similar circumstances, was found the wisdom tooth of
a human being. It, too, was rolled, scratched, and polished, and had
evidently been swept along by the tumultuous flood. "The same agency
that brought the one from the Upper Valley of the Delaware brought the
other, and, after long years, they come again to light, and jointly
testify that, in that undetermined long ago, the creatures to which
they respectively belonged were living together in the valley of the
river."<63>

We must now consider the question of race. Who were the men that
fashioned the implements? Were they Indians? or were they a different
people? As far as we know the Indians, they were Neolithic. Their
implements and weapons are often polished, pecked, and finely wrought;
and, as before remarked, they employed the best kind of stone for
their purpose. Dr. Abbott, who speaks from a very extensive personal
experience, tells us, that it is not practical to trace any connection
between the well-known Indian forms and the Paleolithic implements of
the river gravels: "The wide gap that exists between a full series of
each of the two forms is readily recognized when the two are brought
together."<64> Be