wherein they lost their lives.

Meanwhile, in Bactria, Hystaspes, who had a rightful claim to the
throne, raised the standard of revolt. Artaxerxes marched against him
in person, and engaged him in two battles, the first of which was
indecisive, while in the second the Bactrians suffered defeat, chiefly
(according to Ctesias) because the wind blew violently in their faces.
So signal was victory, that Bactria at once submitted. Hystaspes' fate
is uncertain.

Not long after the reduction of Bactria, Egypt suddenly threw off the
Persian yoke (B.C. 460). Inarus, a king of the wild African tribes who
bordered the Nile valley on the west, but himself perhaps a descendant
of the old monarchs of Egypt, led the insurrection, and, in conjunction
with an Egyptian, named Amyrtseus, attacked the Persian troops stationed
in the country, who were commanded by Achaemenes, the satrap. A battle
was fought near Papremis in the Delta, wherein the Persians were
defeated, and Achaemenes fell by the hand of Inarus himself. The
Egyptians generally now joined in the revolt; and the remnant of the
Persian army was shut up in Memphis. Inarus had asked the aid of Athens;
and an Athenian fleet of 200 sail was sent to his assistance. This fleet
sailed up the Nile, defeated a Persian squadron, and took part in the
capture of Memphis and the siege of its citade (White Castle). When
the Persian king first learned what had happened, he endeavored to rid
himself of his Athenian enemies by inducing the Spartans to invade their
country; but, failing in his attempt, he had recourse to arms, and,
levying a vast host, which he placed under the command of Megabyzus,
sent that officer to recover the revolted province. Megabyzus marched
upon Memphis, defeated the Egyptians and their allies in a great battle,
relieved the citadel of Memphis from its siege, and recovered the rest
of the town. The Athenians fled to the tract called Prosopitis, which
was a a portion of the Delta, completely surrounded by two branch
streams of the Nile. Here they were besieged for eighteen months, till
Megabyzus contrived to turn the water from one of the two streams,
whereby the Athenian ships were stranded, and the Persian troops were
able to march across the river bed, and overwhelm the Athenians with
their numbers. A few only escaped to Cyrene. The entire fleet fell into
the enemy's hands; and a reinforcement of fifty more ships, arriving
soon after the defeat, was attacked una