ucceeded in establishing their freedom. The nineteenth satrapy of
Herodotus existed no more; in lieu of it was a mass of warlike and
autonomous tribes--Chalybes, Taochi, Chaldeans, Macronians, Scythians,
Colchians, Mosynoecians, Tibarenians--whose services, if he needed them,
the King of Persia had to buy, while ordinarily their attitude towards
him was one of distrust and hostility. Judging of the unknown from the
known, the Greeks might reasonably conclude that in all parts of
the Empire similar defections had occurred, and that thus both
the dimensions and the resources of the state had suffered serious
diminution, and fell far below the conception which they had been
accustomed to form of them.

The immediate consequence of the Cyreian expedition was a rupture
between Persia and Sparta. Sparta had given aid to Cyrus, and thus
provoked the hostility of the Great King. She was not inclined to
apologize or to recede. On the contrary, she saw in the circumstances
of the expedition strong grounds for anticipating great advantages
to herself from a war with so weak an antagonist. Having, therefore,
secured the services of the returned Ten Thousand, she undertook the
protection of the Asiatic Greeks against Persia, and carried on a war
upon the continent against the satraps of Lydia and Phrygia for the
space of six years (B.C. 399 to B.C. 394). The disorganization of the
Persian Empire became very manifest during this period. So jealous were
the two satraps of each other, that either was willing at any time
to make a truce with the Spartans on condition that they proceeded to
attack the other; and, on one occasion, as much as thirty silver talents
was paid by a satrap on the condition that the war should be transferred
from his own government to that, of his rival. At the same time the
native tribes were becoming more and more inclined to rebel. The Mysians
and Pisidians had for a long time been practically independent. Now the
Bithynians showed a disposition to shake off the Persian yoke, while
in Paphlagonia the native monarchs boldly renounced their allegiance.
Agesilaus, who carried on the war in Asia Minor for three years, knew
well how to avail himself of all these advantageous circumstances;
and it is not unlikely that he would have effected the separation
from Persia of the entire peninsula, had he been able to continue the
struggle a few years longer. But the league between Argos, Thebes, and
Corinth, which jealou