Pharnaces, a brother-in-law, and
Mithridates, a son-in-law of Darius, Arbupales, a grandson of Artaxerxes
Mnemon, Omares, the commander of the mercenaries, Niphates, Petines,
and Ehoesaces, generals. The Greek loss is said to have been exceedingly
small. Aristobulus made the total number of the slain thirty-four;
Arrian gives it as one hundred and fifteen, or a little over. It has
been suspected that even the latter estimate is below the truth; but the
analogy furnished by the other great victories of the Greeks over the
Persians tends rather to confirm Arrian's statement.

The battle of the Granicus threw open to Alexander the whole of Asia
Minor. There was no force left in the entire country that could venture
to resist him, unless protected by walls. Accordingly, the Macedonian
operations for the next twelve months, or during nearly the whole
space that intervened between the battles of the Granicus and of Issus,
consist of little more than a series of marches and sieges. The reader
of Persian history will scarcely wish for an account of these operations
in detail. Suffice it to say that Alexander rapidly overran Lydia,
Ionia, Caria, Lycia, Pamphylia, Pisidia, and Phrygia, besieged and took
Miletus, Halicarnassus, Marmareis, and Sagalassus, and received the
submission of Dascyleium, Sardis, Ephesus, Magnesia, Tralles, the Lycian
Telmisseis, Pinara, Xanthus, Patara, Phaselis, Side, Aspendus, Celaenee,
and Gordium. This last city was the capital of Phrygia; and there the
conqueror for the first time since his landing gave himself and his army
a few months' rest during the latter part of the winter.

With the first breath of spring his forces were again in motion.
Hitherto anxious with respect to the state of things on the coast and in
Greece, he had remained in the western half of Asia Minor, within call
of his friends in Macedonia, at no time distant more than about 200
miles from the sea. Now intelligence reached him which made him feel at
liberty to advance into the interior of Asia. Memnon the Rhodian fell
sick and died in the early spring of B.C. 333. It is strange that so
much should have depended on a single life; but it certainly seems that
there was no one in the Persian service who, on Memnon's death, could
replace him--no one fitted for the difficult task of uniting Greeks and
Asiatics together, capable of influencing and managing the one while he
preserved the confidence of the other. Memnon's death disconc