another, it is not accurate; for, strictly
speaking, there is no such thing as a York Rite. The name is more a
tribute of reverence than a description of fact.

[146] _Masonic Facts and Fictions_, by Henry Sadler.

[147] _Atholl Lodges_, by R.F. Gould.

[148] William Preston was born in Edinburgh in 1742, and came as a
journeyman printer to London in 1760, where he made himself conversant
with the history, laws, and rites of the Craft, being much in demand as
a lecturer. He was a good speaker, and frequently addressed the Lodges
of the city. After his blunder of seceding had been forgiven, he was
honored with many offices, especially the Grand Secretaryship, which
gave him time to pursue his studies. Later he wrote the _Freemason's
Callender_, an appendix to the _Book of Constitutions_, a _History of
Masonry_, and, most famous of all, _Illustrations of Masonry_, which
passed through a score of editions. Besides, he had much to do with the
development of the Ritual.

[149] The history of the Ritual is most interesting, and should be
written in more detail (_History of Masonry_, by Steinbrenner, chap.
vii, "The Ritual"). An article giving a brief story of it appeared in
the _Masonic Monthly_, of Boston, November, 1863 (reprinted in the _New
England Craftsman_, vol. vii, and still later in the _Bulletin of Iowa
Masonic Library_, vol. xv, April, 1914). This article is valuable as
showing the growth of the Ritual--as much by subtraction as by
addition--and especially the introduction into it of Christian imagery
and interpretation, first by Martin Clare in 1732, and by Duckerley and
Hutchinson later. One need only turn to _The Spirit of Masonry_, by
Hutchinson (1802), to see how far this tendency had gone when at last
checked in 1813. At that time a committee made a careful comparative
study of all rituals in use among Masons, and the ultimate result was
the Preston-Webb lectures now generally in use in this country. (See a
valuable article by Dr. Mackey on "The Lectures of Freemasonry,"
_American Quarterly Review of Freemasonry_, vol. ii, p. 297.) What a
pity that this _Review_ died of too much excellence!

[150] _Military Lodges_, by Gould; also Kipling's poem, _The Mother
Lodge_.

[151] Among the articles of union, it was agreed that Freemasonry
should consist of the three symbolic degrees, "_including the Holy
Royal Arch_." The present study does not contemplate a detailed study
of Capitular Masonry, which has its