riana Officinalis_). The root is the part used. Valerian
is an effective remedy in cases of nervousness and restlessness.
_Dose_--Of the infusion, (one-half ounce to a pint of water) one-half
ounce; of the tincture, one-half to two tablespoonfuls; of the
ammoniated tincture of valerian, from one-half to two teaspoonfuls in
sweetened water or milk; of the valerianate of ammonia, one-half to
three grains.

YELLOW LADY'S SLIPPER (_Cypripedium Pubescens_). The root is the part
used. This is a useful remedy in hysteria, chorea, and all cases of
irritability. _Dose_--Of the powder, fifteen to thirty grains; of the
infusion, one ounce; of the fluid extract, fifteen to thirty drops; of
the concentrated principle, Cypripedin, one-half to two grains.

WILD YAM (_Dioscorea Villosa_). The root is the part used. This is a
powerful antispasmodic, and has been successfully used in bilious colic,
nausea, and spasm of the bowels. _Dose_--Of the infusion (two ounces to
a pint of water), one to two ounces; of the fluid extract, five to
fifteen drops; of the concentrated principle, Dioscorein, one-half to
one grain.

HIGH CRANBERRY (_Viburnum Opulus._) The bark is the part used. It is
also known as Cramp Bark. This is a powerful antispasmodic, and is
effective in relaxing spasms of all kinds. It is a valuable agent in
threatened abortion. _Dose_--Of the infusion, one-half to one ounce; of
the fluid extract, one-half to one teaspoonful; of the concentrated
principle, Viburnin, one-half to two grains. These doses may be
increased if necessary.

ASTRINGENTS.

Astringents are medicines which condense and coagulate the tissues,
thereby arresting discharges. When taken into the mouth, they produce
the sensation known as puckering. They are used internally and locally.
The term _styptic_ is used as a synonym of astringent, but is generally
employed to designate those astringents which arrest hemorrhage, or
bleeding.

LOGWOOD (_Haematoxylon Campechianum_). Logwood is a mild astringent,
well adapted to remedy the relaxed condition of the bowels after cholera
infantum. _Dose_--Of powdered extract, five to ten grains; of the
decoction, one ounce; of the fluid extract, fifteen to thirty drops.

BLACKBERRY ROOT (_Rubus Villosus_). This astringent is a favorite,
domestic remedy in affections of the bowels. _Dose_--Of the infusion
(bruised root), one-half to one ounce, sweetened.

[Illustration: Fig. 121.
Witch-hazel. ]

WITCH-HAZEL (_Ha