grains. In severe hemorrhages, this
quantity should be administered every half hour, until the bleeding is
checked.

CARMINATIVES.

Carminatives are medicines which allay intestinal pain, arrest or
prevent griping caused by cathartics and exert a general soothing
effect. They are aromatic, and to a certain extent, stimulant.

ANISE-SEED (_Pimpinella Anisum_). Anise is a pleasant, aromatic
carminative, and is used in flatulent colic. _Dose_--Of the powdered
seed, ten to fifteen grains; of the infusion (a teaspoonful of seed to a
gill of water), sweetened, may be given freely; of the oil, five to ten
drops on sugar.

FENNEL-SEED (_Anethum Foeniculum_). This is one of our most grateful
aromatics, and is sometimes employed to modify the action of senna and
rhubarb. _Dose_--Same as that of anise-seed.

GINGER (_Zingiber Officinale_). The root is the part used. This is a
grateful stimulant and carminative. _Dose_--Of the powder, ten to twenty
grains; of the infusion, one teaspoonful in a gill of water; of the
tincture, twenty to thirty drops; of the essence, ten to fifteen drops;
of the syrup, one teaspoonful.

WINTERGREEN (_Gaultheria Procumbens_). The leaves are used. This plant
possesses stimulant, aromatic, and astringent properties. The essence of
Wintergreen is carminative, and is used in colics. _Dose_--Of the
essence, one-half to one teaspoonful in sweetened water; of the oil,
three to five drops on sugar.

PEPPERMINT (_Mentha Piperita_). Peppermint is a powerful stimulant,
carminative, and antispasmodic. It is used in the treatment of spasms,
colic, and hysteria. _Dose_--The infusion may be used freely. The
essence may be taken in doses of fifteen to thirty drops in sweetened
warm water; of the oil, one to five drops on sugar.

SPEARMINT (_Mentha Viridis_). The carminative properties of spearmint
are inferior to those of peppermint, and its chief employment is for its
diuretic and febrifuge virtues. _Dose_--Same as that of peppermint.

COMPOUND EXTRACT OF SMART-WEED. Dr. Pierce's Extract of Smart-weed is a
valuable carminative and aromatic stimulant, and has been employed with
marked success in all diseases in which this class of remedies is
required.

CATHARTICS.

_Cathartics_, or _Purgatives_ are medicines which act upon the bowels
and increase the secretions and evacuations. In many parts of the
country, these agents are known as purges, or physics. They have been
variously divided and subdi