se, and ultimately death.

WARMTH is essential to the well-being of the patient, and it is
necessary that a proper temperature be maintained in the room. Except in
very warm weather, a little fire should be kept in the room, and at the
same time fresh air should be admitted from without, and a uniform
temperature thus preserved. This arrangement is especially necessary in
localities where great variations in temperature are experienced during
the day and night.

The normal temperature of the body ranges from 98 deg. to 99 deg. Fahr. The
minimum occurs from 2 to 6 A.M.; the maximum, from 1 to 6 P.M. The
deviation of a few degrees from this standard indicates disease, and the
greater the deviation, the greater is its severity. During the early
stages of acute diseases, the animal heat is generally increased, and
should be allayed by bathing, and cooling or acidulated drinks. In the
latter stages, the temperature becomes diminished and the condition of
the system is favorable to congestions, which are most likely to occur
between the hours of 2 and 6 A.M., when the vital powers are lowest. The
patient then becomes feeble, his extremities grow cold, and he has what
is termed a "sinking spell," and perhaps dies. It is during these hours
that additional covering, the application of hot bricks to the feet, and
bottles of hot water to the limbs and body, friction upon the surface,
stimulating drinks, and increased vigilance on the part of the nurse
will often save the patient's life. But, unfortunately, at these hours
the nurse is apt to get sleepy and inattentive, the demands of the
patient go unheeded, and a sacrifice of life is the result.

Persons suffering from chronic diseases, or those in feeble health,
should preserve their vital energies by dressing warmly, by wearing
flannels next to the skin, and by carefully protecting the feet from
cold and moisture.

CLEANLINESS cannot be too thoroughly impressed upon the minds of those
who have the care of the sick. Filthiness is productive of disease and
favorable to its development. Bathing at least once a day, with pure,
soft water and toilet-soap, is strongly urged, and as this is designed
for cleanliness, the temperature of the bath should be made agreeable to
the patient.

THE CLOTHING AND BEDDING OF THE PATIENT in acute diseases, should be
changed frequently and thoroughly aired, if not washed. As soon as
removed, these articles should be taken from the room, replaced